高温・高CO_2濃度環境が水稲の水利用効率に及ぼす影響

高温高CO_2浓度环境对水稻水分利用效率的影响

• 批准号: 05760013
• 负责人: 中川 博視
• 金额: $ 0.58万
• 依托单位: Kyoto University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Encouragement of Young Scientists (A)
• 财政年份: 1993
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1993 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-05760013/
• 关键词: 高温; 炭酸ガス濃度; 地球環境変化; イネ; 水利用効率; 蒸散

著者らの開発した温度傾斜型CO_2濃度処理実験装置(TGT)を用いて、水稲群落に全生育期間にわたるCO_2濃度と温度の複合処理を行った。水稲品種アキヒカリとIR36を供試し、1992及び1993年に2棟のTGT装置内で成熟期に到るまで栽培した。一方のTGT装置は自然CO_2濃度(350ppm)、他方は高CO_2濃度(690ppm)に保ち、各TGT装置内に外気〜外気+4℃の範囲で4温度区を設けた。両年の各処理区、各品種の乾物量を幼穂形成期、出穂期および成熟期に測定した。また、マリオット管の原理を応用したライシメータによって、日々の蒸散量を全生育期間にわたって測定した。乾物量は両品種とも高CO_2濃度処理によって増加したが、乾物重の高CO_2濃度処理による増加率は温度によって顕著な影響は受けなかった。全生育期間の積算蒸散量は、常温下では自然CO_2濃度区が高CO_2濃度区を上まわったが、高温下では両者の関係は逆転した。積算蒸散量は、ほとんどの区でIR36がアキヒカリを上まわった。水稲群落の水利用効率は、約25℃(外気)の温度条件ではCO_2濃度倍増処理によって42%増加した。この値は温度の上昇とともに減少し、約29℃では23%の増加となった。また、CO_2濃度倍増による水利用効率の上昇率にはアキヒカリとIR36で大きな差は認められなかった。以上より、CO_2濃度の上昇はイネの水利用効率を高めるが、それに高温が重なった場合、その増加率は一般に報告されているよりかなり低くなることが示唆された。

The authors set up a temperature gradient CO_2 temperature monitoring device (TGT) for temperature monitoring and CO _ 2 temperature monitoring during the whole growth period of the water plant community. The water varieties were tested in the IR36 plant in 1992 and in 1993. The mature stage of the TGT plant was transferred to the rice cultivation plant. One side of the TGT device has a natural CO_2 temperature (350ppm), the other side has a high CO_2 temperature (690ppm) protection, and each TGT device has a temperature range of 4 ℃ in the range of 4 ℃. The amount of dry matter of each crop in each management area and variety is measured at the stage of juvenile formation and maturity. The principle of the equipment management system is to determine the temperature by measuring the evapotranspiration and evapotranspiration during the whole growth period. The amount of dry matter, the temperature, the weight, the temperature, the temperature, the temperature The evapotranspiration was calculated actively during the whole growth period, the temperature in the natural CO_2 temperature zone and the high CO_2 temperature zone was higher than that in the high temperature temperature zone, and the temperature in the high temperature temperature was higher than that in the normal temperature. Positive calculation of evapotranspiration, temperature, temperature and temperature. The water utilization rate of the aquatic plant community is about 25 ℃ (outside), the temperature condition is about 25 ℃, the temperature is CO_2, the temperature is 42% higher than that of the other two groups. The temperature is low, about 29 ℃. The temperature is 23%. The rate of water utilization is much higher than that of CO_2. There is a difference between water utilization rate and water utilization rate. The water utilization rate is much higher than that of IR36. The water utilization rate is high, the temperature is high, the increase rate is high, and the rate of increase is generally low. In general, the water utilization rate is high, high temperature, high temperature, high