Comparative Study of Euro-American Ainu Collections

弗雷德里克·斯塔尔的阿伊努藏品和相关文件目前储存在布鲁克林博物馆、洛根人类学博物馆(贝洛伊特学院)、威斯康星州历史学会、芝加哥大学图书馆和俄勒冈大学(其校园内的图书馆、美术馆和州立自然历史博物馆)，是世界上最大和最重要的博物馆之一。我们认为在不久的将来出版他的Ainu收藏的各种信息是当务之急。欧美Ainu收藏的比较告诉我们有趣的历史插曲，为什么欧洲学者对Ainu研究以及Ainu标本收藏感兴趣。在弗朗茨·冯·西博尔德的不朽作品之后，阿伊努人被视为可能的“高尚的野蛮人”、“失落的欧洲人”或“消失的狩猎-采集者”，这种智能化趋势促使学者们访问阿伊努人，保护他们的物质文化。大约在19世纪中叶，所谓的“阿伊努=高加索人”使…更多的西斯给予了欧美学者更多的影响，他们基本上接受了自然历史方面的培训，他们继续建立阿伊努人的藏品。这种趋势随着第一次世界大战(1914-18年)的结束而结束。令人遗憾的是，日本学者直到第一次世界大战后才开始对阿伊努进行研究和收藏，在阿伊努传统村落生活被大规模改变之后。史密森研究所北极研究中心在我们研究成果的基础上开始筹备阿伊努特展。我们认为这是向忧心忡忡的北美人和日本人提供研究成果的最佳方式之一。最后，对北方文化感兴趣的欧美学者高度重视我们目前的研究项目，认为这是收集特定种族博物馆藏品所有信息的第一次尝试，我们相信我们的项目将成为他们进行将在美国自然历史博物馆启动的Jesup II项目的典范。较少

Frederick Starr's Ainu collections and related documents, which are now stored at the Brooklyn Museum, Logan museum of anthropology (Beloit College), State Historica Society of wisconson, University of Chicago Library, and University of Oregon (Library, Art Museum and State Museum of Natural History on its campus), are one of the largest and most important in the world. We regard it as a matter of urgency to publish all sorts of information his Ainu collections in the very near future.Comparisons of Euro-American Ainu collections tell us interesting historical episodes on why European scholars became interested in Ainu studies as well as collections of Ainu specimens. After Franz von Siebold's monumental works, the Ainu were regarded as a possible case of "Noble Savages, " "Lost Europeans" or "Vanishing Hunter-gatherers" and this intelectual trend spurred scholars to visit the Ainu and to secure their material culture. Around the mid-19th century, the so-called "Ainu=Caucasoid" hypothe … More sis gave more influences to Euro-American scholars, who were basically trained in natural history, and they continued to build Ainu collections. This trend came to an end with the World War I (1914-18). It is a regretful fact that Japanese scholars started Ainu researches and nuseum collections only after the WWI,aftre Ainu traditional village life was changed on a large scale.Arctic Studies Center, Smithsonian Institution, has begun preparations for an Ainu special exhibit on the basis of our research results. We think it one of the best ways to make research results available both to concerned north americans and Japanese. finally, Euro-American scholars, who are interested in Northern Cultures, highly regard our current research projectas the first trial to accumulate all the information on museum collections of one particular ethnic group, and we are confident our project would be a model for them to proceed the Jesup II project, which will be launched at the American Museum of Natural History. Less