Development of Macro Hydrologic Models based on Time and Space Distribution Characteristics of Hydrologic Variables

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This research project aims to solve fundamental issues for the physically-based development of macro hydrologic models applicable to Atmospheric General Circulation Model (AGCM). Research subjects are derived into the following two major sub-topics ; (1) to clarify time and space characteristics of physical quantities in the hydrologic cycle, and (2) to develop the methodology to compute large-arealmean values of hydrologic variables. Major research results are summarized in each sub-topic as follows ;Sub-topic (1)・relationship between time variation of stream discharge and river catchment size.・characteristics of soil moisture variation in a catchment scale in comparison with other water strages in the catchment.・spacial distribution characteristics of soil moisture in bare land and its expression by mathematical function.・relationship between time and space characteristics of rainfall and orography.Sub-topic (2)・estimation of heat budget in a large area using rawinsonde observation and satellite data.・monitoring of hydrologic components in major river basin of the world by application of atmospheric water balance method.・effects of non-linearity of each thermal and hydrologic process upon large-areal averaging of physical quantities.・macro-scale modelling of short-wave radiation budget considering orographic effects in the region.・development of Object-oriented Hydrological Modelling System.・incorporation of stream networks into AGCM.