Characteristics Analysis on Vertical Behavior of both Water and Materiales across Modiaof Earth Surface

本研究重点关注.....(1)水在降雨、渗透和蒸发过程中的行为受到不同土地利用条件的影响。研究了长期和短期效果。(2)阐述了大阪湾缺氧水上涌现象的形成过程。通过野外观测资料和数值模拟，研究了东京湾风动流与“AOSHIO”产生机制的关系。(3)通过实验和计算，研究了挥发速率与地下水流速的关系。并通过实验研究了影响地下水向多孔介质挥发的因素。(4)利用LDV对明渠流动的三维湍流结构进行了研究，并建立了实验数据数据库。明确了自由表面附近涡的行为。(5)通过7次对水温变化的观测，明确了…More水库混合过程中的对流力学。研究了内波的影响和反转水层的行为。(6)将化学和生物非活性气体（SF_6）引入室外实验池，研究了水-大气界面上的气体交换。将该方法应用于霞浦湖和琵琶湖，对其碳循环和代谢特征进行了评价。(7)采用采样法研究了土壤表面蒸发作用下盐在砂柱中的积累过程。计算结果可以解释温度、含水率、溶质浓度分布和蒸发速率的时间变化，并可以模拟盐的积累过程。(8)建立了代表降水截留过程的水罐模型，用于估算除蒸腾外的森林蒸发量。模型估算的蒸发量与基于总降雨量、茎流和穿透量数据的雨水收支计算的实际蒸发量基本一致。少

This research puts emphasis on ..... (1) Behaviors of water in processes of rainfall, permeation and evaporation were caught by differences from condition of land use. The long and short term effects were investigated. (2) The processes of upwelling phenomena of anoxic water in Osaka Bay were explained. In Tokyo Bay, the relation between the wind-driven current and the generation mechanism of 'AOSHIO' was researched by some field observation data and numerical simulations. (3) The relation between the rate of volatilization and the velocity of groundwater was investigated by using some experiments and calculations. And some factors which affect the volatilization from groundwater to porous media were researched by using some experiments. (4) The 3-dimensional turbulent structure of flow in open channel was investigated by using LDV,and Database of experimental data was constructed. The behavior of vortex near freesurface was made clear. (5) Mechanics of convection, in mixing process of … More reservoir was made clear by seven times observation of changes of the water temperature. Effects of internal wave and behavior of reversal water layr were investigated. (6) Gas exchanges across the water-atomosphere interface was researched by using chemical and biological non-active gas (SF_6) into the outdoor experimental ponds. This method was applied to Kasumigaura and Biwa Lake, and the carbon cycles and metabolic characteristics were evaluated. (7) The processes of the salt accumulation in a sand column due to the evapolation from the soil surface were reserched by using the sampling method. The computation could explain the time changes of temperature, moisture content, solute concentration profiles and evapolation rate, and could model the salt accumulation. (8) The tank model which represents rainfall interception process was developed for estimating forest evaporation apart from transpiration. Evaporation estimated by the model agrees with the actual evaporation obtained by the rainwater budget based on gross rainfall, stemflow and throughfall data. Less