Characteristics Analysis on Vertical Behavior of both Water and Materiales across Modiaof Earth Surface

地表莫迪亚水和物质垂直行为特征分析

• 批准号: 06302049
• 负责人: MURAOKA Kohji
• 金额: $ 3.71万
• 依托单位: OSAKA UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Co-operative Research (A)
• 财政年份: 1994
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1994 至 1995
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-06302049/
• 关键词: Land Use; Riservoir Hydraulics; Conpound Open Channel Flow; Aoshio; Gas Exchange; Volatilized Gas Behavior; Salinzation; Solute Tank Model; 貧酸素水塊; 揮散ガス移動; 水面熱交換; 塩分移動; 蒸散量推定モデル; 乱流特性量変化; 熱移動・水温変動; 水面経由のガス移動; 熱水分移動; 遮断蒸発過程

This research puts emphasis on ..... (1) Behaviors of water in processes of rainfall, permeation and evaporation were caught by differences from condition of land use. The long and short term effects were investigated. (2) The processes of upwelling phenomena of anoxic water in Osaka Bay were explained. In Tokyo Bay, the relation between the wind-driven current and the generation mechanism of 'AOSHIO' was researched by some field observation data and numerical simulations. (3) The relation between the rate of volatilization and the velocity of groundwater was investigated by using some experiments and calculations. And some factors which affect the volatilization from groundwater to porous media were researched by using some experiments. (4) The 3-dimensional turbulent structure of flow in open channel was investigated by using LDV,and Database of experimental data was constructed. The behavior of vortex near freesurface was made clear. (5) Mechanics of convection, in mixing process of … More reservoir was made clear by seven times observation of changes of the water temperature. Effects of internal wave and behavior of reversal water layr were investigated. (6) Gas exchanges across the water-atomosphere interface was researched by using chemical and biological non-active gas (SF_6) into the outdoor experimental ponds. This method was applied to Kasumigaura and Biwa Lake, and the carbon cycles and metabolic characteristics were evaluated. (7) The processes of the salt accumulation in a sand column due to the evapolation from the soil surface were reserched by using the sampling method. The computation could explain the time changes of temperature, moisture content, solute concentration profiles and evapolation rate, and could model the salt accumulation. (8) The tank model which represents rainfall interception process was developed for estimating forest evaporation apart from transpiration. Evaporation estimated by the model agrees with the actual evaporation obtained by the rainwater budget based on gross rainfall, stemflow and throughfall data. Less

这项研究的重点是.. (1)从不同的土地利用条件出发，研究了降雨、入渗和蒸发过程中水分的行为。研究了长期和短期效应。(2)解释了大坂湾缺氧水上升流现象的形成过程。通过对东京湾的实测资料和数值模拟，研究了“AOSHIO”的产生机制与风海流的关系。(3)通过实验和计算，研究了挥发速率与地下水流速的关系。并通过实验研究了影响地下水向多孔介质挥发的因素。(4)利用激光多普勒测速仪（LDV）对明渠水流三维紊流结构进行了研究，并建立了实验数据库。揭示了自由面附近涡的行为。(5)在混合过程中， ...更多信息 通过7次水温变化的观测，使水库变清。研究了内波的作用和反向水层的特性。(6)采用化学和生物惰性气体（SF_6），在室外实验池中研究了跨水-气界面的气体交换。将该方法应用于霞浦湖和琵琶湖的碳循环和代谢特征评价。(7)本文采用取样法研究了土壤表层盐渍化在砂柱中的累积过程。计算结果可以解释土壤温度、含水率、溶质浓度剖面和土壤盐渍化速率随时间的变化，并可以模拟土壤盐分的积累。(8)提出了一个描述降雨截留过程的水槽模型，用于估算森林蒸发和蒸腾。该模型估算的蒸发量与基于总降雨量、树干茎流和穿透雨资料的雨水收支得到的实际蒸发量一致。少

项目成果

福原 輝幸: "砂層表面蒸発に伴う塩類集積に関する基礎研究" 水工学論文集. 38. 241-246 (1994)

Teruyuki Fukuhara：“与砂层表面蒸发相关的盐积累的基础研究”水利工程学报 38. 241-246 (1994)。

H.YOSHIDA: "Mathematical modelling of solute runoff from a forested mountain basin with stream water and soil-water quality data" Tracer Technologies for Hydrological System, IHAS Pulication. Vol.229. 311-319 (1995)

H.YOSHIDA：“利用溪流水和土壤水质数据对森林山区盆地溶质径流进行数学建模”水文系统示踪技术，IHAS 出版。

禰津家久: "複断面開水路流れの乱流構造と二次流に関する実験および数値計算" 水工学論文集. 39. 747-752 (1995)

根津家久：“多断面明渠流的湍流结构和二次流的实验与数值计算”水利工程学报39。747-752（1995）。

神田 徹: "冬期循環期における貯水池水温構造の日変化に関する集中観測" 神戸大学大学院自然科学研究科紀要. 14(印刷中). (1996)

神田彻：“冬季循环期间水库水温结构日变化的强化观察”神户大学自然科学技术研究生院通报14（出版中）。

篠野 正樹: "送風下における砂層カラムからの蒸発および大気との間の熱移動" 水工学論文集. 39(印刷中). (1995)

Masaki Shinono：“爆炸条件下沙柱的蒸发和向大气的热传递”《水利工程学报》39（出版中）。