Research for carbon recycling by waste heat with Ferrites

化学分析、x射线衍射、FT/IR、穆斯堡尔效应、XPS测量表明，在Ni(II)-铁氧体的cio层（含碳氧化铁层）上的金属离子（Fe^<2+>, Ni^<2+>）在活化步骤中形成了一种类碳化物键。cio层是作为Ni(II)-铁氧体体尖晶石结构的一部分形成的，具有化学计量学成分。cio层中的Fe^<2+>离子存在于扭曲尖晶石结构中，其Fe^<2+>离子含量高于正常尖晶石结构。氧化石墨层中的碳元素可以在300cc的o2分压下与氧化石墨层中的Fe^<2+>离子形成键合。这将导致类碳化物键的形成，并使O^2离子容易从cio层中释放出来。扭曲尖晶石结构中的这种富Fe^<2+>的结构可以看作是扭曲的FeO结构，这将导致FeO结构分解过程中O_2气体析出，更多地进入尖晶石相和金属相。通过实验验证了FeO/ZnO分相体系在500℃下的O_2析出反应。根据这些O_2演化机理，设计了具有较高O_2释放反应活性的化学结构。这为开发具有更高效率的热/化学能转换系统的材料提供了新的途径。超细颗粒层状Ni（II）铁氧体为O_2析出效率提高3倍提供了另一种途径。在专门设计和制造的装置上进行的热/化学能转换实验结果表明，CBNF的效率很低。因此，设计了一种新的系统（一氧化还原系统和二氧化还原系统的联合循环），该系统可以提高热/化学能的转换效率，并证明了它的实际工作。进一步研究了该系统在400-800ºC的低温下将太阳能转化为化学能的可行性。第二氧化还原系统可用于低温下的太阳能/氢能转换。少

The chemical analysis, X-ray diffractometry, FT/IR,Mossbauer effect, XPS measurement showed that the metal ions (Fe^<2+>, Ni^<2+>) in the CIO-layr (Carbon bearing iron oxide-layr) on the Ni(II)-ferrite form a kind of carbide-like linkage in the activation step. The CIO-layr is formed as a part of the spinel structure of the bulk Ni(II)-ferrite with a stoichiometric chemical composition. Fe^<2+> ion in the CIO-layr exists in the distorted spinel structure which contains a higher Content of Fe^<2+> ion than the normal spinel structure. The carbon element of the graphite in the CIO-layr can make a bonding with the Fe^<2+> ion in the CIO-layr under a lower partial pressure of O_2 at 300ﾟC.This would cause the formation of the carbide-like linkage and make it easy for O^2-ion to be released from CIO-layr. This Fe^<2+>-rich structure in the distorted spinel structure can be regarded as a distorted FeO structure, which would cause the O_2 gas evolution in the decomposition of the FeO structur … More e into the spinel phase and metallic phase. This was experimentally confirmed by the O_2 evolution reaction of the FeO/ZnO by-phase system under a lower oxygen partial pressure at 500ﾟC.Based on these O_2 evolution mechanism, a chemical structure with a higher reactivity of the O_2 release was designed. This offered a new route for developing the materials with a higher efficiency in the heat/chemical energy conversion system. Ultra-fine particles of the CIO-layred Ni(II)-ferrite was found to give an another way for increasing the O_2 evolution efficiency by 3 times. The results on the heat/chemical energy conversion experiment using a device specially designed and made, gave a poor efficiency for the CBNF.Therefore, a new system (combined cycle of 1st- and 2nd- Redox Systems), by which the heat/chemical energy conversion efficiency can be amplified, was designed and proved to be practically worked. This system was further studied to apply to the solar energy conversion into chemical energy at a lower temperature of 400-800ﾟC.The 2nd-Redox System was found to be used for solar energy/hydrogen energy conversion at the low temperatures. Less