Research for carbon recycling by waste heat with Ferrites

化学分析、X射线衍射、FT/IR、穆斯堡尔效应、XPS测量表明，Ni(II)-铁氧体上的CIO层（含碳氧化铁层）中的金属离子（Fe^2、Ni^2）在活化步骤中形成了一种类碳化物连接。 CIO 层是作为具有化学计量化学成分的块体 Ni(II)-铁氧体尖晶石结构的一部分而形成的。 CIO层中的Fe^2离子存在于扭曲尖晶石结构中，其Fe^2离子含量高于正常尖晶石结构。 CIO层中石墨的碳元素在300℃较低的O_2分压下可以与CIO层中的Fe^2离子形成键合，形成碳化物连接，使O^2离子更容易从CIO层中释放出来。扭曲尖晶石结构中的这种富含Fe^<2>的结构可以被视为扭曲的FeO结构，这会导致FeO结构分解时产生O_2气体逸出为尖晶石相和金属相。 FeO/ZnO副相体系在500℃较低氧分压下的O_2析出反应实验证实了这一点。基于这些O_2析出机理，设计了具有较高O_2释放反应活性的化学结构。这为开发在热/化学能转换系统中具有更高效率的材料提供了新途径。研究发现CIO层状Ni(II)-铁氧体的超细颗粒提供了另一种将O_2析出效率提高3倍的途径。使用专门设计和制造的装置进行热/化学能转换实验的结果表明，CBNF的效率很低。因此，设计了一种可以放大热/化学能转换效率的新系统（第一和第二氧化还原系统的联合循环），并证明是实际工作的。对该系统进行了进一步的研究，以应用于在400-800℃的较低温度下将太阳能转化为化学能。发现第二氧化还原系统可用于低温下的太阳能/氢能转化。较少的

The chemical analysis, X-ray diffractometry, FT/IR,Mossbauer effect, XPS measurement showed that the metal ions (Fe^<2+>, Ni^<2+>) in the CIO-layr (Carbon bearing iron oxide-layr) on the Ni(II)-ferrite form a kind of carbide-like linkage in the activation step. The CIO-layr is formed as a part of the spinel structure of the bulk Ni(II)-ferrite with a stoichiometric chemical composition. Fe^<2+> ion in the CIO-layr exists in the distorted spinel structure which contains a higher Content of Fe^<2+> ion than the normal spinel structure. The carbon element of the graphite in the CIO-layr can make a bonding with the Fe^<2+> ion in the CIO-layr under a lower partial pressure of O_2 at 300ﾟC.This would cause the formation of the carbide-like linkage and make it easy for O^2-ion to be released from CIO-layr. This Fe^<2+>-rich structure in the distorted spinel structure can be regarded as a distorted FeO structure, which would cause the O_2 gas evolution in the decomposition of the FeO structur … More e into the spinel phase and metallic phase. This was experimentally confirmed by the O_2 evolution reaction of the FeO/ZnO by-phase system under a lower oxygen partial pressure at 500ﾟC.Based on these O_2 evolution mechanism, a chemical structure with a higher reactivity of the O_2 release was designed. This offered a new route for developing the materials with a higher efficiency in the heat/chemical energy conversion system. Ultra-fine particles of the CIO-layred Ni(II)-ferrite was found to give an another way for increasing the O_2 evolution efficiency by 3 times. The results on the heat/chemical energy conversion experiment using a device specially designed and made, gave a poor efficiency for the CBNF.Therefore, a new system (combined cycle of 1st- and 2nd- Redox Systems), by which the heat/chemical energy conversion efficiency can be amplified, was designed and proved to be practically worked. This system was further studied to apply to the solar energy conversion into chemical energy at a lower temperature of 400-800ﾟC.The 2nd-Redox System was found to be used for solar energy/hydrogen energy conversion at the low temperatures. Less