DEVELOPMENT OF A CURRICULUM MODEL OF PSYCHIATRIC MENTAL HEALTH NURSING

本研究旨在了解日本护理教育中精神科心理健康护理的现状，并建立一个新的精神科心理健康护理课程模式。本文首先回顾了20世纪50年代以来美英两国护理教育的文献，发现精神科心理健康护理存在着专业与基础的分裂。前者认为它是一个特殊的护理领域，需要专门的知识和技能;后者认为它是一个基础领域，具有一般护理领域的共同知识和技能，与其他领域共享。其次，对日本21所护理学院进行问卷调查，结果发现有相似的趋势，并对13名护理学院教授进行访谈，发现他们的教育背景和专业背景各不相同，对精神科心理健康护理的看法也各不相同 ...更多信息 通过对日本各护理学校的问卷调查，运用计算机软件HALBOU对调查结果进行分析，结果表明，精神科心理健康护理的内容有6个要素，并对这些要素进行了分解，分别进行了教学。缺乏一个能将人际关系的理解与精神科护理实践相结合的理论框架。还建议聘请精神科护理专家担任全职-由于课堂教学内容与教师的职业生涯和教育背景之间存在密切关系，因此我们对全职教师进行了调查。此外，我们还发现，护理教育的法定规定对每所学校都产生了强烈影响，这些学校似乎不适合精神科服务的变化。以医院为基础，以社区为基础，新兴的护理角色。因此，必须从理论和实践两个方面提出一种新的精神科心理健康护理理念，并应用于当前的精神科心理健康护理服务。最后，研究者提出了一个基于客体关系理论的理论模型。少

The objectives of this research was to identify the current status of psychiatric mental health nursing in the Japanese nursing education and to establish a new curriculum model of psychiatric mental health nursing. Firstly the literatures on the nursing education in USA and Britain since 1950's were reviewed and it was found that there has been the major splitting in the psychiatric mental health nursing : special' and fundamental'. The former regard it as a special nursing area which needs specific knowledge and skills while the latter regards it as a fundamental area which has common knowlege and skills which are shared with other areas in general nursing. Secondly the questionnaires which were sent to 21 nursing colleges in Japan and a similar tendency was found in the results.Then interviews with 13 college professor were made which reveal the wide varieties of their educational and professional backgrounds and their opinions about the psychiatric mental health nursing varied acco … More rdingly.Then the extensive research of all Japanese nursing schools was curried out and the answers were analyzed by computer software HALBOU.The result indicated there were six elements in the contents of psychiatric mental health nursing and those elements were disintegrated and taught separately. And the lack of theoretical framework which could integrate the understanding of human relations and psychiatric nursing practice became clear. It was also suggested that the experts of psychiatric nursing should be employed as a full-time teachers because the strong relations were found between what was taught in the class and the professional careers and educational backgrounds of the teachers.And it was also found that the statutory regulations of nursing education strongly effected upon the every school which did not seem apropriate for the psychiatric services changing drastically from the hosptal-based to the community-based and newly developing roles of nursing. So a new concept of psychiatric mental health nursing which can be applied to the current psychiatric mental health nursing services not only theoretically but also practically must be emerged. Finally the researchers presented a theoretical model based on the object relations theories. Less