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Study on the formation process of warm rain using quasi-real scale artificial cloud experimental system

利用准真实尺度人造云实验系统研究暖雨形成过程

基本信息

批准号：
06452081
负责人：
HARIMAYA Toshio
金额：
$ 4.8万
依托单位：
HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1994
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1994 至 1996
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-06452081/
关键词：
artificial cloud experimental system warm rain aerosol number concentration cloud condensation nuclei size distribution of cloud droplet elemental component of aerosol エ-ロゾル数濃度エ-ロゾル組成

项目摘要

The initiation of warm rain is critically dependent on the presence of cloud droplets larger than 50mum in diameter. The conditions that determine the size distribution of cloud droplets was studied using a quasi-real scale artificial cloud experimental system. Many parameters affect the size distribution of cloud droplets. From observations of the size distribution of cloud droplets that were formed on various aerosol concentrations introduced into a vertical shaft, it was proved in practice that a large number of small-sized cloud droplets are formed in the case of a high CCN concentration and a small number of large-size cloud droplets are formed in the case of a low CCN concentration.Next, numerical simulations were carried out under the conditions that air parcels move upward in the shaft and grow into cloud droplets by condensation. The effects of only the relative humidity at the bottom of the shaft and only differences in CCN spectra on the cloud droplet spectra were quantitatively estimated.The artificial cloud experimental system was later transferred from Kamisunagawa to Kamaishi, but experimental studies were continued. Using the previous numerical model of cloud droplets formed by condensation, the effects of only the elemental components of aerosol and only the vertical velocity on the cloud droplet spectra were quantitatively estimated. The results elucidated the formation mechanism of warm rain.

暖雨的形成主要依赖于直径大于50微米的云滴的存在。利用准实尺度人工云实验系统，研究了决定云滴大小分布的条件。许多参数影响云滴的大小分布。通过对垂直竖井引入不同浓度气溶胶形成的云滴大小分布的观测，实践证明，在CCN浓度高的情况下形成大量的小尺寸云滴，在CCN浓度低的情况下形成少量的大尺寸云滴。其次，对空气包裹在竖井内向上移动并凝结成云滴的条件进行了数值模拟。定量估计了竖井底部相对湿度和CCN光谱差异对云滴光谱的影响。人工云实验系统后来从神菜川转移到釜石，但实验研究仍在继续。利用以往的凝结形成的云滴数值模型，定量地估计了仅气溶胶元素组分和仅垂直速度对云滴光谱的影响。研究结果阐明了暖雨的形成机制。