Comprehensive numerical simulation for prediction of long-term hydrologcal environment

为了开发地面和地下流体长期动态预测的有效手段，研究了综合模拟方法，建立了综合模拟系统。以下是本研究的总结。(1)为全面模拟水文过程，提出了地表水流与地下多孔介质渗流耦合处理的方法。将曼宁定律所描述的地面流体流动与两相达西渗流相结合。(2)为了处理多孔介质中的质量传输现象，建立了一个描述三相、三组分流体系统的通用方程组，其中包括流体之间的转化/扩散、流体之间的质量交换、流体与岩石之间的吸附和解吸。(3)在综合多相流方程中考虑了热传导问题，将流体温度和岩石温度分开处理，以表达多孔和裂隙岩石中的热流。(4)开发了一个综合考虑地表/地下流体和热量多相对流/扩散的水文三维数值模拟系统。编制了处理输入数据和输出格式的图形系统。(5)为了验证所开发的仿真系统，进行了多项实验研究和数值模型研究。进行了各种类型的实地规模模拟。这些项目包括大型储油岩洞周围流体行为的水文评价研究、有机溶剂对地下水的污染、根据入流温度的季节变化预测地下水温度以及大规模径流模拟。

For the purpose of develping useful measure for predicting long term behavior of fluids on surface and in subsurface, comprehensive modeling methods were studied and a comprehensive simulation system was constructed. The followings are the summary of this study.(1) To model hydrological process totally, coupled treatment of surface water flow and the flow through porous media in subsurface, was proposed. Flow of surface fluid expressed by Manning's law was combined with the 2-phase Darcian flow throygh porous media.(2) To treat mass transport phenomena in porous media, a general system of equations expressing 3-phase, 3-component fluid system was developed, in which converction/diffusion, mass exchange among fluids, absorption and desorption between fluid and and rock, are included.(3) Heat transfer is included in the comprehensive multi-phase equations, in which temperatures of fluid and rock are treated separately in order to express the thermal flow in porous and fractured rock.(4) A comprehensive hydrological 3-D numerical simulation system that incorporates multi-phase convection/diffusion of fluids and heat in surface/subsurface, was developed. Graphic system for handling input data and output presentations was prepared.(5) Several experimental studies and numerical model studies were done to validate the developed simulation system. Various types of field-scale simulations were made. They include the hydrological evaluation study of fluid behavior around large rock caverns for oil storage, groudwater pollution with organic solvent, prediction of groundwater temperature with the seasonal change in inflow temperature, and a large-scale rainfall-runoff modeling.