Comprehensive numerical simulation for prediction of long-term hydrologcal environment

为了开发预测流体在地表和地下长期行为的有效手段，对综合建模方法进行了研究，构建了综合模拟系统。主要研究内容如下：(1)为了全面模拟水文过程，提出了地表水流与地下渗流的耦合处理方法。将曼宁定律表示的地表流体流动与多孔介质中的两相Darcian流动相结合。(2)为了处理多孔介质中的质量传输现象，建立了描述三相三组分流体体系的一般方程组，其中包括转化/扩散、流体之间的质量交换、流体与岩石之间的吸收和解吸。(3)综合多相方程中考虑了热传递。其中流体和岩石的温度分别进行了处理，以表达多孔和裂隙岩石中的热流。(4)建立了一个综合了流体多相对流/扩散和地表/地下热的三维水文数值模拟系统。编制了用于处理输入数据和输出演示文稿的图形系统。(5)进行了多个实验研究和数值模型研究，以验证所开发的仿真系统的有效性。进行了各种类型的现场尺度模拟。这些研究包括大型储油岩洞周围流体行为的水文评价研究、有机溶剂对地下水的污染、根据来水温度的季节变化预测地下水温度，以及大规模降雨-径流模拟。

For the purpose of develping useful measure for predicting long term behavior of fluids on surface and in subsurface, comprehensive modeling methods were studied and a comprehensive simulation system was constructed. The followings are the summary of this study.(1) To model hydrological process totally, coupled treatment of surface water flow and the flow through porous media in subsurface, was proposed. Flow of surface fluid expressed by Manning's law was combined with the 2-phase Darcian flow throygh porous media.(2) To treat mass transport phenomena in porous media, a general system of equations expressing 3-phase, 3-component fluid system was developed, in which converction/diffusion, mass exchange among fluids, absorption and desorption between fluid and and rock, are included.(3) Heat transfer is included in the comprehensive multi-phase equations, in which temperatures of fluid and rock are treated separately in order to express the thermal flow in porous and fractured rock.(4) A comprehensive hydrological 3-D numerical simulation system that incorporates multi-phase convection/diffusion of fluids and heat in surface/subsurface, was developed. Graphic system for handling input data and output presentations was prepared.(5) Several experimental studies and numerical model studies were done to validate the developed simulation system. Various types of field-scale simulations were made. They include the hydrological evaluation study of fluid behavior around large rock caverns for oil storage, groudwater pollution with organic solvent, prediction of groundwater temperature with the seasonal change in inflow temperature, and a large-scale rainfall-runoff modeling.