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GROBAL EVALUATION AND UTILIZATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS INCLUDED IN AGRICULTURAL WATER-USE -DEVELOPMENT OF THEIR STANDARD METHODS-

农业用水中环境影响的总体评价和利用 - 制定其标准方法 -

基本信息

批准号：
06556040
负责人：
KONO Eiich
金额：
$ 11.97万
依托单位：
NIHON UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
财政年份：
1994
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1994 至 1996
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-06556040/
关键词：
Aeration Effect of Hydraulic Jump and Exposed Jet Flow L-Q eqation Velocity Distribution Denitrification Function Purification Function Maximum Lik Classification Nomalized Difference Vegetation Index Remote Sensing 跳水・露出射流爆気効果曝気射流曝気

项目摘要

This study group supposed that agricultual water-use systems spread widely in rural areas were useful for environmental conservation. Therefore the group tried to evaluate environmental effects of canal and farm land, and to get fundamental indexes for their utilization from 1994 to 1996. In addition, regional environment analysis by processing images from earth observation satellite was also tried in the same years.The results are as follows :1. Evaluation of environmental effects of canal and fundamental indexes for its utilization.(1) Aeration effect in hydraulic jump is theoretically high. But exposed jet flow has some theoretical problems in aeration effect.(2) If paddy field accounts for 40% of catchment basin, water quality of canal must be estimated by both L-Q eqation of irrigation period and non-irrigation period.(3) A method to infer influence of plants on velocity distribution and water level variation in canal was found for planning of canals to conserve ecosystem.2. Evaluation of environmental effects of farm land and fundamental indexes for its utilization.Quantitative measurement of denitrification in paddy field was done and Quantitative index of denitrification was found to evaluate environmental effects of paddy field.3. Regional environment analysis by processing images from earth observation satellite.By processing images from NOAA satellite, it was possible to globally classify vegetation, to globally find movement and existence of land cover due to climatic change and to roughly find quantitative change of carbon dioxide fixation due to its movement and existence.

该研究小组认为，在农村地区广泛分布的农业用水系统对环境保护是有益的。为此，课题组于1994 ~ 1996年对运河和农田的环境效应进行了评价，并得出了运河和农田利用的基本指标。此外，还尝试了利用对地观测卫星图像进行区域环境分析。运河环境效应评价及利用的基本指标。(1)水跃掺气效应在理论上是高的。但暴露射流在掺气效果上存在一定的理论问题。(2)若水田占集水流域面积的40%，则需同时用灌溉期和非灌溉期的L-Q方程来评价渠系水质。(3)提出了一种计算植物对渠道流速分布和水位变化影响的方法，为生态保护渠道的规划提供了依据.农田环境效应评价及其利用的基本指标对稻田反硝化作用进行了定量测定，建立了评价稻田环境效应的反硝化定量指标.通过对地球观测卫星图像的处理进行区域环境分析：通过对NOAA卫星图像的处理，可以对植被进行全球分类，在全球范围内发现由于气候变化而引起的土地覆盖的移动和存在，并粗略地发现由于其移动和存在而引起的二氧化碳固定的数量变化。