A Historical-Structual Study on the Organization of French Public Education in the Relationships between State and Local Governments

在这个为期三年的研究计划的第一年，我研究了1880年法国义务教育制度的历史-结构过程。S是通过从“联合国公共服务”(一种互主性的公共服务)转变为“联合国服务d‘Etat”(一种国家公共服务)而制度化和组织化的。我论证了1881年、1882年、1886年和1889年的一系列法律的立法过程，这些法律不仅确立了义务教育，而且建立了共和国国家，作为国家的监护人。第二年，我研究了1982年和1983年的法律如何分散了法国的教育管理结构，这些法律废除了‘tutelle de Etat’。然而，普通教育变成了公社的公共服务，现在的教育管理看起来也像是离开了中央集权的官僚影响。最后三年，我反过来回顾了日本的教育改革和分权运动。第二次世界大战后，我们从专制天皇统治公共教育的共同社(Kyoiku Chyokugo)(1890年)制度，转变为日本宪法(1946)和《教育基本法》(1947)，根据该制度，它至少在立法上下放给地方政府适当的服务。但事实上，‘文殊’已经在它身上保持了50年的强大力量。如今，在放松管制和去中心化的时代，蒙布尤将对这个强大的角色进行重组和改革。但为了完成这项改革，我认为，公共教育应该通过家长的参与和《儿童权利公约》的精神来重建。

In the first year of this 3-years research plan, I studied historical-structual process of the French compulsory education system in 1880's, which was institutonized and organized by changing from 'un service communal' (a pubulic service of muinicipality) to 'un service d'Etat' (a public service of state). I demonstrated that the legislative process of a series of laws of 1881,1882,1886 and 1889, which estabished not only the compulsory education but also the republic state as 'tutelle de Etat' (a guardian of state).In the second year, I researched how this french educational administartion structure was decentralized by the laws of 1982 and 1983, which abolished 'tutelle de Etat' . However commpulsory education became the public service of 'commune' , now also educational administartion looks like leaving centralized bureaucratic influences.In the last third year, in turn, I looked over the movement of educational reform and decentralization in Japan. After World War II,we had changed from a system of 'Kyoiku Chyokugo (1890)' , under which despotic emperor state ruled public education comletely, to that of the Japanese Constituiton (1946) & the Fundamental Law of Education (1947), under which it decentralized at least legislatively to proper services of local governments. But in fact, 'Monbushyo' has been kept a srong powers on it for 50 years. Nowadays in times of deregulation and decenralization, 'Monbusyou' is going to restructure and reform this powerful character. But in order to acomplish this reform, I insisit that public education should be reconstructed by parent's participation and in the sprits of Convention on the Rights of Child.