A Research into the Athenian Oligarchs in the Late Fifth Century B.C.

在我的研究中，我研究了与公元前411年和404年的寡头革命有关的问题。修昔底德的《历史》和亚里士多德的《雅典政体》之间的一些矛盾被合理地化解了。两份宪法草案。,长沙。波尔。该书的许多矛盾有待解决，这些矛盾是可以适当解释的。我研究了雅典的古典民主社会，以及伯罗奔尼撒战争期间革命前一些政治团体的运动和思想，以寻找公元前411年寡头革命发生的原因。鉴于从民主主义者转变为寡头政治的关键人物佩桑德罗斯的事件，人们不能说仅仅是寡头政治思想引起了政治变革。雅典的官俸民主制受到了战争形势恶化和国家财政崩溃的冲击，代价高昂的政治体制进入了关键阶段。因此，富人、寡头和实干家们向人民施压，要求他们对政治权力的集中和取消国家补贴做出让步。我考虑了我研究中的关键人物，Theramenes的政治态度，在回顾对四百寡头的惩罚趋势时。他的政治态度受到公元前4世纪晚期亚里士多德的高度评价。这反映了公元前403年法律改革的影响，即4世纪雅典人认为民主应该遵循梭伦的传统法律。作为thermenean人的Cleitophon，其提议的目的是主张遵守传统法律，这是合理的。但是它的提议被寡头们忽视了他们在公元前411年发动了寡头革命

I study the matters related to the oligarchic revolutions of 411 and 404 B.C.in my research. Some contradictions between the descriptions of Thucydies' History and Aristotle's Athenaion Politeia are reasonably dissolved. The two constitutional drafts of Arist., Ath. Pol., 30-31, whose many contradictions are to be dissolved, are properly interpretable. I search the Athenian society of classical democracy and the movements and thoughts of some political groups just before the revolution during the Peloponnesian War for the reasons why the oligarchic revolution of 411 B.C.occurred. In view of transformation from a democrat into a oligarch of the key man of the event, Peisandros, one can not say that the only oligarchic thought caused the political change. The Athenian democracy with payment for officials was attacked by the worse situation of war and the thereby collapse of the state's finance, and the costly political system fell into critical stage. So the rich, the oligarchs and the practical handlers pressed the people to concede to their demands of their concentrated political power and the abolition of state payment. I concider the political attitude of the key man in my research, Theramenes, in review of the trend in the punishment of oligarchs of the Four Hundred. His political attitude was highly evaluated by Aristotle of the later fourth century B.C.It is a reflection of what the legal reforms of 403 B.C.effected that the fourth century Athenians thought that the democracy should function by following the traditional laws of Solon. And it is reasonable that the purpose of the proposal of Cleitophon, a Theramenean, is to claim for observing the traditional laws. But its proposal was neglected by the oligarchs and they brought on the oligarchic revolution at 411 B.C.