A comparative study of rituals in the Yayoi Period and the Kofun Period

1.我研究了弥生时代从实用的青铜武器到以青铜武器形式的仪式物品的转变。我明确而准确地说明了这种转变的过程，也说明了为什么这种转变对弥生人来说是必要的和必不可少的。我用匕首形式的青铜器来说明出云地区公共仪式的兴衰。该地区在弥生时代第五阶段建造了具有四个突出角的大丘葬。这些土葬是为酋长和精英们准备的。这些土堆式墓葬的出现和繁荣与使用匕首形青铜仪式物品的公共仪式的衰落同时发生。在弥生时代，集体仪式的衰落是由酋长和精英作为政治权力的人的成长带来的。弥生时代末期，日本西部强大的酋长之间组织了政治联盟，新酋长为证明继承酋长的合法性而举行的新仪式成为虚假的公共仪式。

1.I investigated the transformation from practical bronze weapons to ritual objects in the form of bronze weapons during the Yayoi period.I made clear the process of this transformation definitely and precisely, and also explicated the reason why this transformation became necessary and essential for Yayoi people.2.I elucidated the rise and fall of communal rites with bronze ritual objects in the form of dagger in Izumo region. In this region, big mound burials with four projecting corners were constructed during phase V of Yayoi period. These mound burials were for chieves and elites. The emergence and prosperity of these mound burials took place in parallel with the fall of communal rites with dagger-shaped bronze ceremonial objects.3.In the Yayoi period, the decline of communal rites were brought about from the growih of chieves and elites as men of political power. At the end of Yayoi period, the political alliance was organized between powerful chieves in western Japan, and new rite for justifying the inheritance of chiefship by new chief became to function as the false communal rites.