Basic Reseach about the soil Moisture Movement and the Mechanizm of Soil Moisture Extraction in the Soil Layr of Upland Field

旱田土层土壤水分运动及土壤抽湿机理的基础研究

• 批准号: 06660298
• 负责人: SENGE Masateru
• 金额: $ 1.41万
• 依托单位: Gifu University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1994
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1994 至 1996
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-06660298/
• 关键词: Evapotranspiration; Comsumptive use; Mulching; 土壌水分動態; 毛管補給; 蒸発散位; 蒸発散比

1. Experimental study on the decrease of soil moisture consumption by covering soil surface with mulching boardThe field experiment shows that the soil moisture consumption decreases by covering the soil surface with the mulching board made of new material paper. The relation between the mulching baord area and the soil moisture consumption is clarifaied, and then we check the mulching reflects the effective rainfall.2. Experimental study on the consumptive use of water in green houseIn the green house of Gifu prefecture agricultural institute located at Hurukawa town, we measured the consumptive use of spinage and tomato by planting experiment, evaporation from water surface in small pan and meteorological data inside and outside of green house. And we established the method to predict the consumptive use of water in the greenhouse from the meteorological data outside the green house.3. Application test of automatical irrigation system in green houseFor saving the labor of irrigation and water resource, I developed the automatical irrigation systems that control the soil moisture suction between a certain range suitable for plant growth. I made three types of automatical irrigation systems as folows and claryfied the problems for applicating these systems to test fields.The first system detects the time when irrigation starts and stops by measuring the soil moisture suctions by the tensiometer and controls the switch of electric valve in irrigation pipe automatically.The second system detects only the time when the field must be irrigated by measuring the soil moisture suction by tensiometer and opens the electric valve automatically, and closes the valve after irrigating for a given time.The third system detects only the time when the field must be irrigated by measuring the soil moisture suction by electric conductivity method and opens the electric valve, and closes the valve after irrigating for a given time.

1.地膜覆盖降低土壤水分消耗的试验研究田间试验表明，用新型材料纸制成的地膜覆盖土壤表面，可以降低土壤水分消耗。明确了覆盖面积与土壤水分消耗的关系，进而检验了覆盖是否反映了有效水分.绿色住宅耗水量的试验研究在位于呼鲁川町的岐阜县农业研究所的绿色住宅中，通过种植试验、小盆水面蒸发量和绿色住宅内外气象资料，测定了菠菜和番茄的耗水量。建立了利用绿色室外气象资料预测温室耗水量的方法.自动灌溉系统在绿色住宅中的应用试验为了节省灌溉劳动力和水资源，我研制了自动灌溉系统，将土壤水分吸力控制在适合植物生长的一定范围内。本文研制了三种自动灌溉系统，并对这些系统应用于试验田时应注意的问题进行了阐述。第一种系统通过测量土壤水分吸力来确定灌溉开始和停止的时间，并自动控制灌溉管道上电动阀的开关。第二种系统通过测量土壤水分吸力来确定灌溉时间第三种系统通过电导率法测量土壤水分吸力，只检测到必须灌溉的时间，然后打开电动阀，灌溉一定时间后关闭电动阀。