Basic Reseach about the soil Moisture Movement and the Mechanizm of Soil Moisture Extraction in the Soil Layr of Upland Field

1. 地膜覆盖降低土壤水分耗量的试验研究田间试验表明，在土壤表面覆盖新型材料纸地膜可降低土壤水分耗量。明确了覆盖面积与土壤耗湿量的关系，并验证了覆盖反映的有效降雨量。在位于呼川镇的岐阜县农业研究所大棚中，通过种植试验、小盆水面蒸发量和大棚内外气象资料，测定了菠菜和番茄的耗水量。建立了利用温室外气象资料预测温室耗水量的方法。为了节约灌溉人力和水资源，我研制了一种将土壤吸湿量控制在适合植物生长的一定范围内的自动灌溉系统。我制作了以下三种类型的自动灌溉系统，并澄清了这些系统在试验田应用的问题。第一个系统通过张力计对土壤吸湿量的测量来检测灌溉开始和停止的时间，并自动控制灌溉管内电动阀的开关。第二个系统仅通过张力计测量土壤吸湿量来检测农田必须灌溉的时间，并自动打开电动阀，在灌溉给定时间后关闭阀门。第三个系统通过电导率法测量土壤吸湿量，仅检测农田必须灌溉的时间，开启电动阀，在灌溉给定时间后关闭阀门。

1. Experimental study on the decrease of soil moisture consumption by covering soil surface with mulching boardThe field experiment shows that the soil moisture consumption decreases by covering the soil surface with the mulching board made of new material paper. The relation between the mulching baord area and the soil moisture consumption is clarifaied, and then we check the mulching reflects the effective rainfall.2. Experimental study on the consumptive use of water in green houseIn the green house of Gifu prefecture agricultural institute located at Hurukawa town, we measured the consumptive use of spinage and tomato by planting experiment, evaporation from water surface in small pan and meteorological data inside and outside of green house. And we established the method to predict the consumptive use of water in the greenhouse from the meteorological data outside the green house.3. Application test of automatical irrigation system in green houseFor saving the labor of irrigation and water resource, I developed the automatical irrigation systems that control the soil moisture suction between a certain range suitable for plant growth. I made three types of automatical irrigation systems as folows and claryfied the problems for applicating these systems to test fields.The first system detects the time when irrigation starts and stops by measuring the soil moisture suctions by the tensiometer and controls the switch of electric valve in irrigation pipe automatically.The second system detects only the time when the field must be irrigated by measuring the soil moisture suction by tensiometer and opens the electric valve automatically, and closes the valve after irrigating for a given time.The third system detects only the time when the field must be irrigated by measuring the soil moisture suction by electric conductivity method and opens the electric valve, and closes the valve after irrigating for a given time.