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Chemoreception Mechanisms in Aquatic Animals

水生动物的化学感受机制

基本信息

批准号：
07044172
负责人：
SUZUKI Noriyo
金额：
$ 5.5万
依托单位：
Hokkaido Univ.
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for international Scientific Research
财政年份：
1995
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1995 至 1996
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-07044172/
关键词：
chemoreception fish olfaction fish taste transduction amino acids olfactory and taste receptor ion channel feeding behavior トラスダクション摂食行動嗅覚味覚魚類

项目摘要

During collaborative interactions in 1995 & 1996 among the investigators, Drs.N.Suzuki, K.Kurihara, J.Caprio, T.Valentincic and T.Marui, a better understanding of the chemoreception mechanisms in aquatic animals, specifically in fishes was realized. in addition, research directions for future studies were outlined. Specific accomplishments of their collaborative interactions include : (1) Collaborative experiments improved the yield and viability of siolated olfactory and gustatory receptor cells from teleosts, rainbow trout, bullhead catfish and carp. The chemical specificity of single olfactory receptor neurons in fishes resulted in continuing studies to confirm that individual olfactory receptor neurons respond to multiple amino acids that bind to independent receptors, and that single receptor neurons of fish often respond to amino acids wih a suppression of their spontaneous activity. ; (2) Discussions concerning the homing mechanisms of euryharine fishes resulted in a conclusion … More that olfactory responses to amino acids are not influenced by changes in ionic environments surrounding olfactory organs, and that the salmon May discriminate the home river by the olfactory clue based on the content of different amino acids in the river water. ; (3) The pervasiveness of neurons within central "gustatory" nuclei that are sensitive to both taste and tactile stimulation resulted in a conclusion that peripheral facial fibers in the catfish can be responsive to only taste, to only tactile or to both taste and tactile stimulation. Thus, the bimodality of central neurons could occur by either the convergence of taste only and tactile only fibers or by bimodal fibers themselves. The suppressive effects of quinine on teleost taste systems resulted in a hypothesis based primarily on the anti-malarial research on quinine, i.e.a blocking effect on calcium channels. ; (4) Collaborative experiments on olfactory conditionings of bullhead catfish resulted in a conclusion that the catfish conditioned to a single amino acid can discriminate it from other single amino acids, and that binary mixtures of amino acids are discriminated by physiologically more stimulatory component within the mixture. ; (5) A candidate of cDNA for a G-protein that may involve in the taste transduction was cloned with a PCR technique and its expression in the apical part of taste cells of carp barbels was confirmed by using a DIG probe technique. Less

在1995年和1996年研究人员之间的合作互动中，N.Suzuki，K.Kurihara，J.Caprio，T.Valentincic和T.Marui博士更好地理解了水生动物，特别是鱼类的化学感受机制。此外，还概述了未来研究的方向。具体成果包括：（1）协同实验提高了硬骨鱼、虹鳟、牛头鱼和鲤鱼的嗅味感受器细胞的产量和存活率。鱼类单个嗅觉受体神经元的化学特异性导致了持续的研究，以证实单个嗅觉受体神经元对与独立受体结合的多个氨基酸产生反应，并且鱼类的单个受体神经元经常对抑制其自发活动的氨基酸产生反应。（2）对广盐性鱼类归巢机制的讨论表明， ...更多信息嗅觉对氨基酸的反应不受嗅觉器官周围离子环境变化的影响，鲑鱼可根据河水中不同氨基酸含量的嗅觉线索来辨别家乡河流。（3）对味觉和触觉刺激都敏感的中枢味觉核团内神经元的普遍性导致了鲶鱼外周面纤维可以仅对味觉、仅对触觉或对味觉和触觉刺激都有反应的结论。因此，中枢神经元的双峰性可以通过仅味觉和仅触觉纤维的会聚或双峰纤维本身来发生。奎宁对硬骨鱼味觉系统的抑制作用导致了一个假设，该假设主要基于奎宁的抗疟疾研究，即对钙通道的阻断作用。（4）对牛头鲶鱼的嗅觉调节的协作实验得出结论，适应于单一氨基酸的鲶鱼可以将其与其他单一氨基酸区分开，并且氨基酸的二元混合物通过混合物中生理上更刺激的组分来区分。（5）利用PCR技术克隆了一个可能参与味觉传导的G蛋白的候选cDNA，并利用DIG探针技术证实了该基因在鲤鱼触须味觉细胞顶端的表达。少