Origin of Matter and Evolution of the Early Universe and Galaxies

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The scientific purpose of this three year project was to study the origin of matter and the evolution of the Universe, galaxies and stars from the Big-Bang to present time. We formed four groups in order to make efficient and high-quality scientific activities in such an interdesciplinary research program. They are the research groups of (1) cosmology (on the early Universe), (2) astronomy (on galaxies and clusters), (3) nuclear astrophysics (on stars), and (4) nuclear physics (on nucleosynthesis). The members of each group consist of the admixture of astronomers and physicists from astronomy, particle physics and nuclear physics societies. The main covered research subjects are (1) cosmic electroweak and QCD phase transitions and symmetry breaking, baryogenesis, fromation of inhomogeneous space-time structure, and Big-Bang nucleosynthesis (in cosmology group), (2) fromation and evolution of galaxies and clusters, chemodynamic evolution of galaxies, gravitational lensing effects, observations of X-rays and gamma-rays from clusters and supernovae, and observations of high-redshift quasars and primordial galaxies (in astronomy group), (3) explosive nucleosynthesis in supernovae and novae, structure and formation of neutron stars and black holes, origin of cosmic rays, formation of planetary system, and spsctroscopic observations of halo stars (in nuclear astrophysics group), and (4) equation of states of nuclear matter at high density and high temperature elementary nuclear processes in explosive nucleosynthesis, stellar thermonuclear reactions, high energy spallation reactions, and their experiments (in nuclear physics group). We oranized the dicussion meetings very frequently every year in order to summarize the research products and to restructure the groups. We also organize international symposia once every year in order to discuss these products and receive international external evaluation.