Origin of Matter and Evolution of the Early Universe and Galaxies

这个为期三年的项目的科学目的是研究物质的起源和宇宙、星系和恒星从大爆炸到现在的演变。为了在这样一个跨学科的研究项目中进行高效和高质量的科学活动，我们组成了四个小组。它们是(1)宇宙学（研究早期宇宙）、(2)天文学（研究星系和星团）、(3)核天体物理学（研究恒星）和(4)核物理学（研究核合成）的研究小组。每个小组的成员由天文学、粒子物理学和核物理学会的天文学家和物理学家组成。主要涵盖的研究课题有：(1)宇宙电弱和QCD相变和对称破缺、重子发生、非均匀时空结构的形成、大爆炸核合成（宇宙学组）；(2)星系和星系团的形成和演化、星系的化学动力学演化、引力透镜效应、星系团和超新星的x射线和伽马射线观测；高红移类星体和原始星系的观测（天文学组），超新星和新星的爆炸核合成，中子星和黑洞的结构和形成，宇宙射线的起源，行星系统的形成，晕星的光谱观测（核天体物理组），爆炸核合成中高密度高温基本核过程的核物质状态方程。恒星热核反应、高能散裂反应及其实验（核物理组）。为了总结研究成果和调整小组结构，我们每年都经常组织讨论会。我们还每年组织一次国际研讨会，讨论这些产品并接受国际外部评估。

The scientific purpose of this three year project was to study the origin of matter and the evolution of the Universe, galaxies and stars from the Big-Bang to present time. We formed four groups in order to make efficient and high-quality scientific activities in such an interdesciplinary research program. They are the research groups of (1) cosmology (on the early Universe), (2) astronomy (on galaxies and clusters), (3) nuclear astrophysics (on stars), and (4) nuclear physics (on nucleosynthesis). The members of each group consist of the admixture of astronomers and physicists from astronomy, particle physics and nuclear physics societies. The main covered research subjects are (1) cosmic electroweak and QCD phase transitions and symmetry breaking, baryogenesis, fromation of inhomogeneous space-time structure, and Big-Bang nucleosynthesis (in cosmology group), (2) fromation and evolution of galaxies and clusters, chemodynamic evolution of galaxies, gravitational lensing effects, observations of X-rays and gamma-rays from clusters and supernovae, and observations of high-redshift quasars and primordial galaxies (in astronomy group), (3) explosive nucleosynthesis in supernovae and novae, structure and formation of neutron stars and black holes, origin of cosmic rays, formation of planetary system, and spsctroscopic observations of halo stars (in nuclear astrophysics group), and (4) equation of states of nuclear matter at high density and high temperature elementary nuclear processes in explosive nucleosynthesis, stellar thermonuclear reactions, high energy spallation reactions, and their experiments (in nuclear physics group). We oranized the dicussion meetings very frequently every year in order to summarize the research products and to restructure the groups. We also organize international symposia once every year in order to discuss these products and receive international external evaluation.