SOLAR-UV SPECTRA AND MONITORING SYSTEMS OF BIOLOGICALLY-EFFECTIVE DOSE

全球臭氧层继续变薄，主要是由于人为释放消耗臭氧层的化学物质。我们提出，需要基于紫外线辐射有害效应的生物剂量测定系统与光谱学相结合，以监测和评估环境紫外线暴露。在日本和其他地方已经开发了几种确定生物有效剂量的系统，但是迄今为止还没有进行协调比较。在本项目中，我们于夏季在两个连续使用布鲁尔分光光度计的地点进行了四次实地考察：1995年8月8日至8月10日和1996年7月18日至20日在那霸（冲绳气象台，26.20 N, 127.68 E, 28.1 m），以及1996年6月28日至29日和1997年7月10日至12日在札幌（札幌气象台，43.05 N, 141.33 E, 17.2 m）。在这些活动中，“孢子剂量计”（n.n unakata）、“生物膜剂量计”（Y.Furusawa）、“寡核苷酸（TpT）剂量计”（k.h hieda）、“干DNA剂量计”（y.y ishigaki）和“质粒和DNA溶液”（k.n engishi）参与并使用分光光度计CT进行并排照射。高雄和广濑裕久)。在Okazaki Large Spectrograph （m.w watanabe）上，获得了孢子、生物膜和TpT剂量计三种系统在临界紫外波长（290和400 rim）下的响应作用谱，并对其进行了细化。阐述了生物剂量法与分光光度法比较的策略。在整个波长范围内，利用作用光谱和辐照光谱在每0.5环间隔内相乘得到的有效光谱。孢子剂量分析结果表明，物理测量值和生物测量值基本一致，但直接生物测量值比计算值高出约20%，其原因应在今后的比较中加以研究。

Global thinning of ozone layer continues mainly due to anthropogenic release of ozone-depleting chemicals. We proposed that biodosimetry systems based on the harmful effects of UV radiation are needed in conjunction with spectroscopy to monitor and assess environmental UV exposure. Several systems to determine biologically-effective doses have been developed in Japan and : elsewhere, however, so far little coordinated comparisons have been done. In this project, we have performed four field campaigns in summer at two sites where Brewer spectrophotometers are in continuous operation : at Naha (Okinawa Meteorological Observatory, 26.2OﾟN, 127.68ﾟE, 28.1 m) from 1995/08/08 to 08/10 and from 1996/07/18 to 07/20, and, at Sapporo (Sapporo Meteorological Observatory, 43.05ﾟN, 141.33ﾟE, 17.2 m) from 1996/06/28 to 06/29 and from 1997/07/10 to 07/12. In these campaigns, "spore dosimeter" (N.Munakata), "biofilm dosimeter" (Y.Furusawa), "oligonucleotide (TpT) dosimeter" (K.Hieda), "dry DNA dosimeter" (Y.Ishigaki), and "plasmid and DNA in solution" (K.Negishi) participated and performed side-by-side exposures with spectrophotometers CT.Takao and Y.Hirose). With regard to the three systems, i. e., spore, biofilm and TpT dosimeters, the action spectra for the response in the critical UV wavelengths (290 and 400 rim) have been obtained and refined at Okazaki Large Spectrograph (M.Watanabe). The strategy for the comparisons between biodosimetry and spectrophotometry has been elaborated. It employed the effectiveness spectra derived by the multiplication of the action and irradiance spectra in each 0.5 rim interval for the entire wavelength range. The results of the analysis using the spore dosimetry demonstrated general congruence of the physical and biological measurements, however, the direct biological measurements exhibited about 20 % higher values than the calculated ones, the reason of that should be investigated in future comparisons.