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Hydro-meteorological Studies on the Effects of Vegetation (street trees and wall-covering ivies) on the Mitigation of Urban Climate

植被（行道树和爬墙常春藤）缓解城市气候影响的水文气象研究

基本信息

批准号：
07455200
负责人：
HINO Mikio
金额：
$ 4.8万
依托单位：
Chuo University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1995
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1995 至 1996
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Central regions of big cities are becoming warmer and wamer due to the construction of tall buildings and paved roads and the reduction of green and water area ; i.e.the formation of "HEAT ISLANDS". In order to evaluate the effects of vegetation in the themal environment of urban region, the three kinds of investigation have been performed ; (1) field measurement, (2) cpmputer experiment (=numerical simulation), and (3)analysis or remote-sensing data from a man-made satellite LANDST.(1) Environmental measurement has been carried out at Tama Campus of Chuo University. The temperature decrease in thermal environment by green effect due to latent heat release has been measured. Surface temperature of plant canopy layr was lower compared with the wall temperature of a neighborling building and with temperature of paved road, and was held almost constant level irrespective of the temporal changes in humidity and velocity of surrounding air flow. The measurement shows that the green effect i … More s infulenced by the difference of land utilization.(2) Numerical experiments applying the LES model of turbulence computation were performed for the vegetation effects on urban climate. When the sun light sheds on buildings from the reversed direction to wind flow, severe circumstance is encounted in the rear wall region of buildings which absorb the strong insolation energy to become the thermal source in the flow field.If the use of central block surrounded by buildings is changed from athletic field to forestry park, the thermal environment is greately improved. The maximum temperature rise amounting to 7ﾟC above that of prevailing wind is almost cancelled, due to the effect of evapotranspiration of vegetation, by which the latent heat is released to mitigate the urban thermal environment.(3) Remotely-sensed data obtained by LANDSAT have been analyzed to estimate the regional temperature distribution of ground and forest, to show the vegetation effects on climate mitigation. A new method has been proposed for estimation the regional distribution of evapotranspiration rate, extending the complementary rule. Less

大城市中心区由于高层建筑和道路的修建，绿色和水域面积的减少，使中心区变得越来越温暖，即形成“热岛”。为了评价植被在城市热环境中的作用，我们进行了三种调查：（1）野外测量，（2）计算机实验（=数值模拟），（3）人造卫星LANDST的遥感数据分析。(1)在中央大学多摩校区进行了环境测量。测量了热环境中由潜热释放引起的绿色效应引起的温度降低。植物冠层的表面温度较低，与邻近建筑物的壁温和铺装道路的温度相比，并保持几乎恒定的水平，而不管周围空气流动的湿度和速度的时间变化。测量结果表明，这种绿色效应 ...更多信息土地利用的差异性影响了土地利用的可持续性。(2)利用大涡模拟湍流模式，对植被对城市气候的影响进行了数值试验。当太阳光从与风流方向相反的方向照射到建筑物上时，建筑物后墙区域的热环境将受到严重影响，建筑物后墙区域吸收强烈的太阳辐射能量，成为流场中的热源，如果将建筑物包围的中心街区由运动场改为森林公园，则热环境将得到很大改善。由于植被蒸散的作用，潜热被释放出来，缓解了城市热环境，使最高气温比盛行风高出7摄氏度的幅度几乎被抵消。(3)利用LANDSAT卫星遥感资料，估算了区域地面和森林温度分布，揭示了植被对气候变化的影响。推广了互补法则，提出了一种估算蒸散率区域分布的新方法。少