洪水用簡易浮遊砂採水器の開発

简易洪水浮砂水采样器的研制

• 批准号: 07555158
• 负责人: 真野 明
• 金额: $ 0.9万
• 依托单位: Tohoku University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Developmental Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 1995
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1995 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-07555158/
• 关键词: 採水器; 浮遊砂; 洪水; 土砂輸送

陸域から海域へ運ばれる土砂の大部分は洪水時に浮遊砂の形態で運ばれるので,これを観測することがこの土砂輸送量を評価するための基礎となる.しかし,市販の採水器は洪水時の早い流れに対しても,位置決めのため,鉛直に吊るす必要があり,このため重く扱いが厄介なものとなっていた.洪水時の浮遊砂の特性を知るためには,多くの時空点での採水が必要であり,これを可能にする軽量で取り扱いが簡単な採水器の開発を本研究の目的とした.浮遊砂量を評価するためには,鉛直方向の濃度分布を測定することが重要であり,高流速の流れに抗して軽い採水器を底付近まで潜水させること,また潜水したとき,その位置は採水器投入点から下流に流された位置となるので,採水地点の鉛直位置を簡単に精度良く知ることの2点が本採水器開発の鍵となる.前者については,前後に翼を取り付け,その向かい角を調整することにより,採水器の姿勢を制御すると同時に,洪水流から下向きの揚力を得え,採水器を流体力によって潜水させることを可能にした.すなわち従来,強い流れは採水器を沈めるために邪魔で,重量を大きくくすることにより潜水させていたのに対し,本研究は流体力を積極的に利用し,軽量のままで潜水を可能にしたものである.後者については,空気柱をビニール管に閉じこめた,マノメータを開発し,採水と同時にマノメータの圧力導入口を閉じることにより,採水地点の圧力を記憶する装置を作り,ヴォイルシャルルの法則より,採水地点の水深を10cm以下の誤差で求められるようにした.試作した採水器は,阿武隅川における回数の出水で現地テストと改良を繰り返した.採取した試料をコールターカウンタを使って分析し,各粒径毎に分けることにより,出水時の浮遊砂の鉛直分布特性を得ており,沈降と拡散の平衡を仮定して導かれたRouseの理論曲線と近い分布を示すものが得られている.

Most of the floating sand in the sea area and sea area is affected by the flood, the shape of the floating sand is not affected by the flood, and the quantity of the soil sand is affected. In the event of a flood, the municipal water dispenser is in the early hours of the flood, and the location is in the middle of the flood. if necessary, the emergency should be suspended, and the emergency should be heavy. The characteristics of floating sand in the event of a flood are aware of the weather, and it is necessary to do so at multiple time and space points, and it is possible to use the amount of water to open the water dispenser for this study. The amount of sand in the float, the degree distribution in the straight direction, the measurement of the temperature distribution in the straight direction, the measurement of the temperature distribution in the straight direction, the measurement of the temperature distribution in the straight direction, the measurement of the temperature distribution in the straight direction, the measurement of the temperature distribution in the straight direction, the measurement of the temperature distribution in the straight direction, the measurement of the temperature distribution in the straight direction, the measurement of the temperature distribution in the straight direction, the measurement of the temperature distribution in the straight direction, the measurement of the temperature distribution in the straight direction, the measurement of the degree distribution in the straight direction, the measurement of the temperature distribution in the straight direction, the measurement of the temperature distribution in the straight direction, the measurement of the temperature distribution in the straight direction, the measurement of the temperature distribution in the straight direction, and the position of the water apparatus. The location of the water, the vertical position, the accuracy, the accuracy and the accuracy. In the former, the front and rear wings are loaded, the front and rear wings are adjusted to the angle, the water engine is in the same time, the flood current is strong, and the fluid force of the water tank is not strong enough to dive into the water. In this study, fluid force is actively used to make full use of fluid force, and it is possible to use fluid force actively. In the latter case, the air column is closed, the pipe is closed, the water is open, and at the same time, the entrance is open, the water location is loaded, the force log device is operated, and the water location is under the water depth of 10cm. Make a water appliance, Awu Yochuan, count the effluent water, improve the water, and return to the water. According to the results of analysis, each grain diameter is divided into two parts, and the characteristics of the direct distribution of floating sand are satisfactory when it comes out of the water. The distribution curve of the Rouse theory shows that the temperature distribution of the floating sand is satisfactory.

项目成果

真野明・杉木基泰・沢本正樹: "洪水用簡易浮遊砂採水器の開発" 東北地域災害科学研究. (印刷中). 32 (1996)

Akira Mano、Motoyasu Sugiki、Masaki Sawamoto：“开发用于洪水的简单悬浮沙水采样器”东北地区灾害科学研究32（1996 年）。

杉木基泰・真野 明: "阿武隅川河口部における浮遊砂と阿床材料の分析" 土木学会東北支部技術研究発表会概要. (印刷中). (1996)

Motoyasu Sugiki 和 Akira Mano：“阿布住河河口悬浮沉积物和 Aboko 物质的分析”日本土木工程师学会东北分会的技术研究报告摘要（1996 年出版）。