Standardization of Rain-Radar Data and Temporal and Spatial Distribution of Rainfalls

将1993年南九州站的雷达信号转换为降雨强度。标准数据以通用格式分发给研究小组。以CD-ROM光盘和互联网FTP服务器为载体，结合卡尔曼滤波技术，用运动学方法预报短期降水，预报结果与实测值吻合较好。本文采用二维k-e湍流模式，不需参数化，就能再现水汽上升、辐合、凝结过程，以及潜热释放加速对流速度的过程，为一次降水过程的分型提供了一种客观的方法。利用K均值方法将一年93,428个雷达输出景像归纳为20个模式。阐明了南九州站所覆盖区域内降雨事件的空间分布，通过对不同时间尺度的平均，更清楚地显示了地形对降雨强度的影响。三个月平均值与地面变化的相关性最高。利用与长期平均值的偏差进行降雨事件的统计分析，并根据课题组成员的询问，实现雷达资料的解封闭和标准化。还开发了配电网络设计。利用大量的雷达降水资料，对不同降雨历时范围内的降水时空特征进行了客观的分析。研究结果可为河流规划提供有用的数据。

The radar signal of the South Kyushu Station in the year of 1993 are transferred to rainfall intensity. Standard data with common format are distributed among the research group. Media are CD-ROM and internet ftp server.Kinematic approach to predict a short term rainfall produces a fairly good agreement with observed rainfall data when Kalman filter is combined. A two-dimensional dynamic model with k-e turbulence modeling is able to reproduce updrift, convergence and condensation of vapor processes, acceleration of convection velocity by the release of latent heat without parameterization of several coefficients.An objective way of classification of pattern of one rainfall event is found out. 93,428 scenes of radar output in one year are summarized into 20 patterns by K-Means method. Spatial distribution of rainfall events in the region covered by the South Kyushu Station is clarrified.Influence of topography on rainfall intensity is more clearly shown by taking averages for different time scales. Three-month average shows highest correlation with variation of ground level. Deviation from this long term average is utilized for statistical analysis of rainfall events.Desclosure and standardization of radar data are realized based on inquiries conducted by a member of this research group. Design of distribution network is also developed. Utilizing large amount of radar data of rainfall it is shown that temporal and spatial characteristics of rainfall are clarified by an objective way for various range of duraion of rainfall. The results are able to provide usefull data for river planning.