Commercial use of a Japanese mason bee, Osmia cornifrons as a pollinator of greenhouse crops

要使玉米花蜜蜂作为各种温室作物（如草莓、甜瓜、西红柿等）的传粉者得到广泛传播，将这种蜜蜂商业化是必不可少的。为了实现蜜蜂的商业化，我们研究了以下4个项目，即1-全年利用，2-大规模生产蜜蜂，3-开发人工巢穴，4-证明其授粉效率。结果总结如下:1)保持蜜蜂直到他们解放的过程如下:一个(保持prepupae 10゚C抑制进一步发展,能够保留420天)- B(孵化prepupae 22゚C直到蛹化)- C(孵化蛹26岁直到羽化゚C) - D(孵化成人26岁゚C冷却之前)- E(令人心寒的成年人在5゚C打破滞育,能够保留270天)。通过从A到E的步骤，我们最多可以养蜜蜂755天。通过操纵A和E，可以在任何时候自愿释放蜜蜂在温室中的使用。(2)黄豆科植物在黄豆科的群体培养具有广阔的应用前景，黄豆科植物在黄豆科的繁殖率(0。雌性后代的数量/没有。（约为6.0.3）用不同颜色的颜料对巢材进行染色，可诱导其对自己巢的识别。4)对草莓和番茄的传粉效果进行了验证。在草莓中，15只采花粉蜜蜂/5a就能满足商业水平的果实生产。

To diffuse Osmia cornifrons as a pollinator of a variety of greenhouse crops, such as strawberries, melons, tomatoes, etc., it is essential to commericialize this bee. We studied the following 4 projects so as to realize commercialization of the bee, i.e., 1- To enable utilization throughout a whole year, 2- Mass production of bees, 3- To exploit artificial nests, and 4- To prove its pollination efficiency. The results are summarized as follows :1) The procedure to maintain the bees until their liberation is as follows : A (keeping prepupae at 10ﾟC to inhibit further development, capable to retain up to 420 days) - B (incubating prepupae at 22ﾟC until pupation) - C (incubating pupae at 26ﾟC until eclosion) - D (incubating adults at 26ﾟC prior to chilling) - E (chilling adults at 5ﾟC to break diapause, capable to retain up to 270 days). Through the procedures from A to E,we could maintain the bees for 755 days in maximum. By manipulating A and E,it is possible to liberate bees voluatarily at any time of their use in greenhouses.2) Mass culture of O.cornifrons was very promising at the field of Chinese milk vetch, where the ratio of reproduction (no.of female offsprin produced/no.of females liberated) reached up to approximately 6.0.3) It was possible to induce the discrimination of their own nests in O.cornifrons by staining the nest materials with different color paints.4) Pollination efficiency by O.cornifrons was proved in strawberries and tomatoes. In strawberries, only 15 pollen foraging bees/5a were enough for production of fruits at commercial level.