Development of a new embolic material with superabsorbent polymer microsphere

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EVALUATION OF SUPER ABSORBENT POLYMERThe super absorbent polymer microsphere, sodium acrylate and vinyl alcohol copolymer (SAP-MS) was investigated as an arterial embolic material. The diameter of the particles was exactly calibrated to control the occlusion level. Passage ability through microcatheters was estimated. SAP-MS were sterilized by absolute alcohol and prepared in the vacuum vial for clinical purpose. Acrylate acid polymer sodium salt was simultaneously evaluated for clinical purposes.ANIMAL STUDIESAnimal studies were done to evalute the embolic effects and histopathologic reaction by the embolization of rabbits kidneys. The follow-up angiographies indicated the total occlusion of embolized renal artery. No recanalization was found after the embolization. The arterial lumen was completely occluded by the SAP-MS which expanded larger than the original diameter of the artery. No reactive changes were found in the arterial wall and perivascular tissue. Extensive fibrosis in the whole renal tissue and calcification mainly in the cortex were found.CLINICAL RESULTSPatients with neoplastic lesions were treated by embolotherapy with SAP-MS.In hepatocellular carcionoma, necrotic effects without anti-neoplastic agent were obtained. Preoperative embolization resulted in less invasive surgical interventions. Unsatisfactory necrotic effects was archived in cases of renal cell carcinoma. Metastatic bone tumors were well treated in control of local pain without complications.Arteriovenous malformations were well controlled by embolization using SAP-MS without any complication, however, the lesions coexisting AV fistula were not managed without combination use of other materials.