Research and development of twin-column periodically counter-current beds packed with metal hydride particles

金属氢化物颗粒填充双柱周期性逆流床的研究与开发

• 批准号: 07558190
• 负责人: FUKUAA Satoshi
• 金额: $ 0.64万
• 依托单位: KYUSHU UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 1995
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1995 至 1996
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-07558190/
• 关键词: Isotope separation; Hydrogen isotopes; Hydrogen absorbing alloys; Palladium; Lanthanum alloy; Tritium; Packed bed

We built an experimental apparatus for the twin-column type of the hydrogen isotope separation. We obtained the following results through experiments and numerical simulations.(1) Pd and LaNi_<4.7>Al_<0.3> were found to be the most promising materials for the isotope separation from measurements of the hydrogen isotope separation factor, the isotopic exchange reaction rate constant and the hydrogen dissociation pressure. The hight equivalent to a theoretical plate was 0.7cm for both of the two materials.(2) The displacement chromatography using a single Pd bed was proved to be able to concentrate up to 100% deuterium from hydrogen-deuterium mixtures. This result directly assures an outstanding performance of the twin-column type isotope separation system proposed here.(3) The rate-determining step for the isotopic exchange mass transfer in Pd was beta-phase diffusion below 273K and pore diffusion above 273K.That in LaNi_<5-X>Al_X was the intrinsic isotopic exchange reaction on a Ni layr deposited on surfaces.(4) The cycles necessary to establish a steady-state profile in the twin beds were found to be within 100 steps of absorption and desorption from numerical simulations based on the plate thory.(5) After rearrangement of the experimental apparatus, desorption with a reversed flow was found to be more efficient from a viewpoint of the operation time.(6) The experimental result under the total reflux condition showed the deuterium concentration in the LaNi_<4.7>Al_<0.3> bed and the deuterium depletion in the Pd bed. This result assures the efficiency of the twin-column type isotope separation system.

建立了一套双柱式氢同位素分离实验装置。我们通过实验和数值模拟得到了以下结果。(1)通过<4.7><0.3>对氢同位素分离因子、同位素交换反应速率常数和氢解离压力的测定，发现Pd和LaNi_ Al_2是最有希望的同位素分离材料。两种材料的理论塔板高度均为0.7cm。(2)使用单个Pd床的置换色谱被证明能够从氢-氘混合物中浓缩高达100%的氘。该结果直接保证了这里提出的双柱型同位素分离系统的出色性能。(3)Pd中的同位素交换传质速率控制步骤在273 K以下为β相扩散，在273 K以上为孔扩散; LaNi_<5-X>Al_X中的同位素交换传质速率控制步骤为表面沉积Ni层的本征同位素交换反应。(4)在双床中建立稳态分布所需的周期被发现在基于板理论的数值模拟的吸收和解吸的100个步骤内。(5)实验装置重新布置后，从操作时间的角度来看，发现逆流解吸更有效。(6)在全回流条件下的实验结果表明，氘在LaNi_ Al<4.7>_2<0.3>床层中的浓度和氘在Pd床层中的贫化。该结果确保了双柱型同位素分离系统的效率。

项目成果

Satoshi Fukada et al.: "Empirical expression for the pressure-composition-temperature curve of the Zr_2Fe-deuterium system" Journal of Alloys and Compounds. Vol.234. L7-L10 (1996)

Satoshi Fukada 等人：“Zr_2Fe-氘系统的压力-成分-温度曲线的经验表达式”《合金与化合物杂志》。

Satoshi Fukada et al.: "Recovery of hydrogen isotopes from inert gas mixtures with a titanium particle bed" International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 21. 741-747 (1996)

Satoshi Fukada 等人：“使用钛颗粒床从惰性气体混合物中回收氢同位素”国际氢能杂志。

Satoshi Fukada et al.: "Hydrogen isotope separation by displacement chromatography with palladium" Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology. Vol.32. 556-564 (1995)

Satoshi Fukada 等人：“通过钯置换色谱法分离氢同位素”《核科学与技术杂志》。

Satoshi Fukada et al.: "Hydrogen isotope separation with a twin-column system of metal particle beds" Journal of the Hydrogen Energy Systems Society of Japan. Vol.22 (in printing). (1997)

Satoshi Fukada 等人：“使用金属颗粒床双柱系统进行氢同位素分离”日本氢能系统学会杂志。

Satoshi Fukada et al.: "Recovery of low-concentration hydrogen from different gas streams with Zr_2Fe particle beds" Fusion Engineering and Design. Vol.22 (in printing). (1997)

Satoshi Fukada 等人：“利用 Zr_2Fe 颗粒床从不同气流中回收低浓度氢气”聚变工程与设计。