The study of the village and villege's land in japan doing the middle ages.

本研究为中古时期保安民众权利意识与模范意识之研究。我调查了山城省的伏见村和近江省的奥岛村以及萨图马省的日置村。此外，我也没有想到村里人的倾向，例如，在13世纪60年代，15个有权势的农民领导着奥岛庄园的村庄生活，但到了13世纪90年代，58个农民已经联合起来。在这个过程中，一套集体规则（so okite）被创建，规定“那些诽谤村庄的人应该被驱逐出庄园;如果这在村庄之前发生过，那么他的父母和孩子应该被驱逐;如果村庄被诽谤了几次，他的小屋应该被烧毁。“总的来说，这种集体规则的可靠性告诉我们什么？只有以村为单位的深度介入，农民社会的各个层面才能勉强维持生活和生产。显然，在那个历史阶段，被逐出村社意味着注定要流浪、毁灭和死亡。在集体规则中的严厉惩罚体现了集体团结的力量的同时，也可以看作是对由于与贫农阶级的斗争而不得不科普村庄组织内部各种日益严重的矛盾的痛苦的忏悔。

This study is research of right consciousness and a model consciousness of the people in jaoan during the middle ages. I researched the village of Fushimi estate in yamashiro province and Okushima estate in Omi province and Hioki estate in Satuma province. Furthen I inepected the tendency of people of the village.For example, in the 1260s fifteen powerful pearants directed village life on the Okushima estate, but by the 1290s fifty-eight pearants had banded together. In the process, a set of rules for the collective (so okite) were created stating that "those who slander the village should be banished from the estate ; if this has happened before the with and children should be banished as will ; and if the village has bean slandered several times his hut should be burint." In general, what does the serterity of this collective rule tell us? only by deep involvement with the village as a unit could each level of peasant society barely maintain its life and production. Clearly at that stage in history banishment from the village community meant being doomed to vagrancy, ruin and death. At the same time that the practice of severe pursihment found in the collective's rules expresses the strength of the collective's unity it also can be seen as a confession of dis tress at having to cope writh various sapidly worsening contradictions beiny footered within the village arganization because of the struggle with the poor peasant class.