Efficiency-improvement of Public Utility Enterprise Sectors under Economic Structural Adjustment in Eastern and Southern African Countries

1980年代，受到经济危机困扰的撒哈拉以南非洲经济体，包括东部和南部非洲，别无选择，只能采取由世界银行赞助的经济结构调整政策。虽然政策的主要目标是实现促进部门主导的增长，但政府和公共企业部门的效率提高是另一个重要问题。在这项研究中，我们选择了肯尼亚和赞比亚等东部和南部非洲国家的特定公共事业企业，如公共卫生和医疗服务、谷物和谷物营销、供水等。考虑到这些部门在政治经济和历史背景中的地位，分析了它们的效率状况和因果关系。主要意见如下：不仅宏观经济稳定和改革，而且政府和公共服务部门在微观层面的合理化对于结构调整的成功是必不可少的；提高该部门的效率需要人力资源开发和体制改革，包括支持性的任人唯贤的人事管理；非洲经济的效率问题需要解决，同时考虑到非洲的资源分配制度与工业化国家的资源分配制度非常不同。

In the 1980s, economies of Sub-Saharan Africa including Eastern and Southern Africa, distressed with economic crises, had no alternatives but to adopt economic structural adjustment policies, sponsored by the World Bank. While it was a major aim of the policies to achieve provate sector-led growth, efficiency-improvement of the government and the public enterprise sectors was another important issue.In this research, we selected specific publicutility enterprises, e.g. public health and medical services, grain and cereal marketing, water supply, and others, in Eastern and Southern African countries such as Kenya and Zambia. Taking account of those services' positions in political economy and historical backgrounds, their state of efficiency and causal relations were analyzed.Major observations are as follows : not only macroeconomic stabilization and reforms but rationalization of the government and the public services sector at micro level is indispensable for a success in structural adjustment ; efficiency-impeovement in the sector requires human resources development and institutional reforms including supportive meritocratic personnel management ; efficiency issues of African economies is to be tackled with, taking into consideration Africa's resource allocation systems which are very different from those in industrialized countries.