Study on trade-off of environmental load between solid waste and sewage

对纸尿裤和垃圾处理机的环保性进行了考察。1)纸尿裤的产量呈线性增长，1996年达到77亿张，特别是成人纸尿裤的产量增长超过婴儿纸尿裤。2)纸尿裤使用后的重量为150-180g，排泄物的重量为101-131g.3)如果不考虑母亲的工资，纺织纸尿裤比纸尿裤便宜。这意味着纺织品尿布的部分使用似乎是出于经济原因。4) 0.8 ~ 1.8岁婴儿纺织品纸尿裤洗涤污染物负荷排放TN 3.4g/cap/d, TP 0.218g/cap/d（含粪便）。5)与纺织纸尿裤相比，纸尿裤的环境负荷在材料消耗和废物量上较大，在能源和水消耗、对水和空气污染的污染负荷上较小。1)处置器的使用被行政部门禁止或引导自行控制，国内几乎找不到处置器的生产。2)耗电量0.02kwh/cap/day。3)垃圾污染物负荷（含橘子皮）为302g， CODcr为51g， N为1.3g， P为0.15g，不含橘子皮的分别为200、37、0.9、0.12g/人/天。4)与现有系统相比，引入处理器的系统成本提高了20%，空气污染的环境负荷对空气污染的影响较小，对水污染的影响较大。由于完成LCA需要大量的数据收集，因此需要仔细检查所呈现值的可靠性。某一产品的LCA可能离不开组织力量的帮助和企业之间的合作。关于RDF热循环利用和固体垃圾焚烧发电的相关问题还有待进一步研究。

The environmental-friendliness of paper diaper and garbage disposer was examined.1) The prooduction of paper diaper is increasing linearly upto 7.7 billion sheets in 1996, especially diaper for adults is increasing more than for babies.2) The weight of paper diaper after use is 150-180g, and the weight of excreta is 101-131g.3) Textile diaper is cheaper than paper diaper if the wages of mother are neglected. It means that textile diiaper seems to be partly used by the economical reason.4) The discharge of pullutant load from textile diaper washing for a baby of 0.8-1.8 years old was TN 3.4g/cap/d, TP 0.218g/cap/d including feces.5) The environmental load of paper diaper was larger for material consumption and the amount of wastes and less for energy and water consumption, pollutant load to water and air pollution comparing with textile diaper.1) The use of disposer is forbidden or guided to be self-controled by the administration, and the production of disposer is hardly found domestically.2) Electric power consumption is 0.02kwh/cap/day.3) The pollutant load of garbage was amount 302g, CODcr 51g, N 1.3g, P 0.15g including orange peerings and 200,37,0.9,0.12g/capita/day excluding them respectively.4) The system introducing disposer is more expensive by 20% and environmental load of air pollution is lower for air pollution and higher for water pollution, comparing with the present system.As huge amount of data collection is necessary to complete LCA,the reliability of the value presented should be cheked carefully. The LCA for a certain product might be indipensable to the help of organized power and the corperation of enterprizes.The related matter to the thermal recycle of RDF and power generation by solid waste incineration should be further studied.