Mapping and functional analysis of nucleus-cytoplasm compatibility gene in wheat

将来自梯莫菲维小麦（Triticum timopheevi）的异源核质亲和基因（Ncc-tmp）导入具有粗山羊草细胞质的四倍体硬粒小麦（Triticum durum）中。利用该核质杂种获得了以下结果：1）Ncc-tmp控制半合子条件下的配子体雄性育性和合子活力; 2）筛选出4个与Ncc-tmp紧密连锁的RAPD标记，并使用一系列D基因组染色体置换系将Ncc-tmp定位在染色体1A上。tmp在小麦timopheevi类群中是唯一保守的，该序列在乌拉尔小麦中也存在，a四倍体和六倍体小麦的基因组供体。4）饱满和皱缩种子的分离分析表明，在T.timopheevi中存在两个独立的功能性Ncc-tmp。5）在线粒体atp6-rps13和nad3-orf156的SSCP分析和PCR-限制性内切酶分析。这些结果为精细定位和克隆控制小黑麦族核质互作的关键基因Ncc基因奠定了基础。6）以普通小麦中国春与小麦属和山羊草属46个种的核质杂种为材料，研究了与核质互作相关的核质多态性。研究表明，在某些NC杂种存在核多态性，并完全通过所有配子传递。在一个NC杂交系中，细胞质基因组类型被改变为父本基因组类型。这些多态性可能是由NC相互作用引起的，从而导致NC相容性。

An alien nucleus-cytoplasm compatibility gene from Triticum timopheevi (Ncc-tmp) was introduced into tetraploid wheat, Triticum durum, with the cytoplasm of Aegilops squarrosa. The following results were obtained using this nucleus-cytoplasm (NC) hybrid.1) Ncc-tmp controls gametophytic male fertility and zygotic viability of the NC hybrids under hemizygous condition.2) 4 RAPD markers that are closely linked with each other and with Ncc-tmp were selected, and using a series of D genome chromosome substitution lines Ncc-tmp was mapped on chromosome 1A.3) Sequences adjacent to Ncc-tmp was conserved uniquely in timopheevi group of wheat, and this sequences were also present in Triticum urartu, a A genome donor for tetraploid and hexaploid wheat.4) Segregation analysis of plump and shriveled seeds indicated the presence of two independent functional Ncc-tmp in T.timopheevi.5) NC hybrid-specific polymorphisms were detected in mitochondrial atp6-rps13 and nad3-orf156 by SSCP analysis and PCR-restriction enzyme analysis. These results set basis for fine mapping and cloning of Ncc genes that are the key genes controlling compatibility between nuclear genome and cytoplasmic genomes in the tribe Triticeae.6) In addition, NC hybrids of common wheat cv Chinese Spring with cytoplasms of 46 species from Triticum and Aegilops were studied to examine nuclear and cytoplasmic polymorphisms that are related to NC interactions. The study showed that in certain NC hybrids nuclear polymorphisms exist and are fully transmitted through all gametes. In one NC hybrid line, it was suggested that the cytoplasmic genome type was changed into the paternal genome type. These polymorphisms might be caused by NC interaction, thus leading to NC compatibility.