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Study on Control Mechanism of Growth and Development of Fruit Trees with Chitosan Oligosaccharides Soil Conditioner

壳寡糖土壤调理剂控制果树生长发育机理的研究

基本信息

批准号：
07660045
负责人：
UTSUNOMIYA Naoki
金额：
$ 1.41万
依托单位：
Kinki University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1995
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1995 至 1997
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Chitosan oligosaccharides soil conditioner increased the fruit formation in fig and flower nitiation in passionfruit. This effect was more enhanced with high level of nitrogen application. Succesive use of the soil conditioner increased flower formation under less nitrogen condition in passionfruit. These results indicates that the soil conditionerpromote the flower differentiation of fruit trees through increasing the nitrogen use efficiency and increase the yield. However, the soil conditioner did not affect the flower initiation of grape, suggesting that the effect of soil conditioner is diffrent among fruit tree species.In passionfruit and papaya, soil conditioner increased the root and stem growth, chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate. Furthermore, cytokinin-like activities were promoted in the plants treated with soil conditiner. The involvement of soil conditioner in cytokinin activity plays an important role for growth and development of fruit trees.Two subsutances which promote orinhibit plant growth were found in the soil conditioner with paper chormatograph. These substances affected the shoot growth, fruit growth and sugar accumulation into fruit. This indicates that tow substances are involved in the effect of soil conditioner on the fruit tree growth or fruit growth. Further study to carify the structures and the features of biological activity will be helpful to utilize the soil conditioner more effeciently for fruit production.

壳寡糖土壤改良剂能促进无花果的坐果和西番莲的开花。施氮量越高，这种效应越明显。土壤改良剂的连续使用促进了西番莲在低氮条件下的成花。说明土壤调理剂通过提高氮素利用率促进果树花芽分化，提高产量。土壤调理剂对葡萄的成花没有影响，说明土壤调理剂对不同果树的影响不同，在西番莲和番木瓜中，土壤调理剂促进了根、茎的生长，提高了叶绿素含量和光合速率。此外，细胞分裂素样活性在土壤调理剂处理的植物中得到促进。土壤调理剂参与细胞分裂素活性对果树生长发育有重要作用，用纸层析法在土壤调理剂中发现了促进或抑制植物生长的两种物质。这些物质影响新梢生长、果实生长和果实中糖的积累。这表明土壤调理剂对果树生长或果实生长的影响可能与两种物质有关。进一步研究土壤改良剂的结构和生物活性特征，将有助于更有效地利用土壤改良剂进行果树生产。