Eco-Morphological Investigations on Tiller Development and Rhizome Formation in Kentucky Bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) for the Higher Yielding and Better Grazing Performance in Japan.

日本早熟禾 (Poa pratensis L.) 分蘖发育和根茎形成的生态形态研究,以提高产量和改善放牧性能。

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    07660356
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    $ 1.28万
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    日本
  • 项目类别:
    Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
  • 财政年份:
    1995
  • 资助国家:
    日本
  • 起止时间:
    1995 至 1996
  • 项目状态:
    已结题

项目摘要

Sward growth and tiller population dynamics of simulated Kentucky bluegrass (KBG) swards which were grown in plastic containers with vermiculite culture and defoliated in 2-week- and 4-week-interval were studied in 1995 and 1996. Developmental morphology of tillers and rhizomes of sampled KBG plants was also observed.(1) KBG plants began to tiller aboundantly soon after the establishment of simulated swards (KBG seedlings were transplanted in July 1995) and continued to generate new tillers until the first defoliation of swards made in early September, when tiller density reached ca.7,000/m^2. Then, the tillering stopped almost completely, probably because of attained dense population and warmer temperatures causing active top growth. Coming into the dormant state in November with lowered temperature and shortened day-length, KBG plants again began to tiller, continued to increase tiller number during the winter, and finally got nearly 30,000 tillers/m^2 at the first harvest in next sp … More ring. However, this dense tiller population gradually declined during the growing period from spring to early summer, and then, they abruptly decreased in hot summer periods which lasted about 50 days. Decreased tiller number was recovered very quickly in autumn of 1996 by active tillering of tops and crown formations which were derived from the anti-geotropic turn of creeping rhizomes.(2) In spite of the heavy growth depression in summer and its infection in autumn growth, the total dry matter yield in 1996 both in 4-week- and 2-week-cut sward was rather rich, each accumulated ca.2400 g.DM/m^2 and 1600 g.DM/m^2 herbage, respectively. This higher yielding level of frequently defoliated KBG swards should be mainly derived from the dense tiller population and the quicker leaf formation (about 7 days/leaf) on each existent tiller.(3) There was a distinct regularity that the appearance of each 'n'th leaf (as numbered acropetally) on growing tiller clearly synchronized with the appearance of first leaf of each successive tiller subtended by the leaf 'n-2' of mother shoot. The tiller bud which failed to elongate as a regular tiller stayd in dormant state, and some of them turned to form rhizomatous shoot apex and sprouted with a horizontal growth, mainly at the base of aerial tillers. These rhizomes changed the elongating direction upwards after the development of 15 to 20 phytomers with 15 to 20 cm rhizome length, and turned into an aerial crown at the soil surface and began to tiller regularly as preceding aerial tillers. With this morphological character, KBG plants might easily form a dense, stable tiller population throughout the seasons. Less
1995年和1996年,研究了模拟肯塔基州早熟禾(KBG)草坪的生长和分蘖种群动态,这些草坪种植在带有蛭石培养的塑料容器中,并以2周和4周为间隔落叶。对KBG植株的分蘖和根茎的发育形态进行了观察。(1)KBG植物在模拟草地建立后不久就开始大量分蘖(KBG幼苗于1995年7月移植),并继续产生新的分蘖,直到9月初进行的第一次草地落叶,此时分蘖密度达到约7,000/m^2。然后,分蘖几乎完全停止,可能是因为达到密集的人口和温暖的温度引起活跃的顶部生长。11月进入休眠状态,气温降低,日照缩短,KBG植株又开始分蘖,并在冬季继续增加分蘖数,到第二年第一次收获时达到近3万株/m^2 ...更多信息 戒指在春季至初夏的生育期内,该群体数量逐渐减少,在炎热的夏季,该群体数量急剧减少,持续时间约为50天。1996年秋季,由于匍匐根茎的反地性转向,茎尖和冠层形成的活跃分蘖,减少的分蘖数很快得到恢复。(2)1996年,尽管夏季生长受到严重抑制,秋季生长也受到影响,但4周和2周刈割草地的总干物质产量相当丰富,分别积累了约2400 g·DM/m^2和1600 g·DM/m^2牧草。频繁落叶的KBG草地的这种较高的产量水平应主要来自于密集的分蘖群体和每个存在的分蘖上更快的叶片形成(约7天/叶)。(3)有一个明显的规律,即每一个'n' th叶(编号acropetally)上生长的分蘖的外观明显同步与每一个连续分蘖的第一叶的外观包被叶'n-2'的母枝。分蘖芽不能正常伸长,处于休眠状态,部分分蘖芽转为根状茎茎尖,并以水平生长方式萌发,主要发生在气蘖基部。这些根茎在发育15~20个根茎长15~20cm的植物体后,改变伸长方向,在土壤表面形成气冠,并开始有规律地分蘖。由于这种形态特征,KBG植株在整个季节中很容易形成密集、稳定的分蘖群体。少

项目成果

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ITO Mutsuyasu其他文献

ITO Mutsuyasu的其他文献

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{{ truncateString('ITO Mutsuyasu', 18)}}的其他基金

Trends of population density of standing tillers, and developmental morphology of stolons and aerial-tillers in Japanese Iawn grass (Zoysia japonica Steud.) growing in sward conditions.
草地条件下日本结缕草立蘖种群密度、匍匐茎和气生分蘖发育形态的变化趋势。
  • 批准号:
    11660268
  • 财政年份:
    1999
  • 资助金额:
    $ 1.28万
  • 项目类别:
    Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)

相似国自然基金

干旱胁迫下草地早熟禾(Poa pratensis L.)水分利用效率及其调控机制
  • 批准号:
    30871735
  • 批准年份:
    2008
  • 资助金额:
    32.0 万元
  • 项目类别:
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