Studies on Improvement of Utilization of Low Quality Roughages

考虑到人类的食物材料，我们必须使用当地的材料来生产动物。在东南亚地区，他们有大量的草食性动物的粗饲料，但它们的质量不是很好。在本试验中，我们尝试提高粗饲料：稻草和麻草（Pennisetum perpureum Schum.）的品质，结果如下：1)瘤胃裂隙灌注丙酸和尿素可提高绵羊稻秆干物质消化率。瘤胃氨、丙酸和乙酸也在输注过程中升高。2)采后48h干燥，按时间间隔配制青贮饲料。在材料萎蔫8 h内，青贮品质很好，但此后随着时间的延长pH值升高，乳酸含量降低。3)用栎木霉和木霉的纤维素酶青贮可降低草皮的pH值，提高草皮的乳酸含量。这些结果表明，草中的结构性碳水化合物被纤维素酶分解，形成水溶性碳水化合物，并作为乳酸生成的底物。为了研究这些结果的区域差异，在冲绳进行了第三次相同的实验，结果与名古屋地区的结果几乎相同。这说明在名古屋和冲绳县青贮期间参与乳酸发酵的乳酸菌都很活跃。

Considering food materials for human, we have to use local materials for animal production. In the region of South-East Asia they have a plenty of roughages for herbivorous animals, but their quality was not so good. In this study we tried to increase the quality of the roughages : rice straw and napier grass (Pennisetum perpureum Schum.), and the following results were shown.1) Dry matter digestibility of rice straw of sheep was increased by the infusion of propionic acid and urea via rumen fisturae. Ruminal ammonia, propionic acid and acetic acid were also increased during the infusion.2) Napier grass was wilted for 48 hours after harvesting, and prepared silages at time-intervals. Within 8 hours of wilting of the materials, the silage quality was very good, but thereafter pH value was increased and lactic acid content was decreased with time spent.3) When napier grass was ensiled with cellulases from Acremonium and Trichoderma spp., pH value was decreased and lactic acid content was increased. These results suggested that structural carbohydrates in the grass was decomposed by cellulases, water soluble carbohydrates were formed and used for substrates of lactic acid formation4) The third experiment was done at the farm of Nagoya University. To investigate the regional difference of these results, the same kind to the third experiment was done at Okinawa and the results were almost the same as those of Nagoya region. This suggested that lactic acid bacteria which work for lactic acid fermentation during ensilage were active both at Nagoya andOkinawa.