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A study on the establishment of the experimental natural science and the modern epistemology in the late seventeenth century England

十七世纪末英国实验自然科学和现代认识论的建立研究

基本信息

批准号：
07801002
负责人：
TAMURA Hitoshi
金额：
$ 1.22万
依托单位：
NAGOYA UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1995
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1995 至 1997
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

On this research projects, six papers have been published. All of them are reprinted in the research report. In the first paper, 'John Locke's philosophy of natural science', I point out that the stereotyped scheme of the modern epistemology, i.e.from the inner representations to the outer world, fails to grasp Locke's philosophical stance correctly. His stance can be understood only with the logico-linguistic scheme about the particulars and the universals. The second paper, 'The establishment of empirical knowledge --the given, the utility, the society', makes it clear that the grounds of empiricist knowledge claims are not only the sense-data but also the utility of knowledge and the authoritative endorsement of knowledge claims made by skilled professionals. In the third paper, 'An individual in experiencing --naturalism and the criticisms of sense-data theory', I maintain that naturalism today has some similarity to the classical empiricism and that so-called sense-data theory does not correctly represent the genuine empiricist philosophy. In the fourth paper, 'How long have philosophers been ignorant of the essence of experimental natural science? ', I point out that the stereotyped "inner-outer" scheme of epistemology has deprived philosophers of the access to a true understanding of experiments and observations in natural science. In the fifth paper, 'The Modern Concept of Man and Hume on Personal Identity', presented at the 24th Hume Conference at Monterey, California, 1997, I put forward a view that Hume's method of analysis of the concept of personal identity can be regarded an archetype of the sociology of knowledge and the social anthropology today. The sixth paper, 'Descartes and the British empiricism', describes the traits which differentiate empiricists, such as Robert Boyle and John Locke, from Cartesians.

本研究项目已发表论文6篇。所有这些都转载于研究报告中。在第一篇论文《洛克的自然科学哲学》中，我指出，现代认识论的“从内在表象到外在世界”的模式未能正确把握洛克的哲学立场。他的立场只能用关于特殊和普遍的逻辑语言学方案来理解。第二篇论文《经验知识的建立--给定的、效用的、社会的》明确指出，经验主义知识主张的根据不仅是感觉资料，而且是知识的效用和熟练的专业人员对知识主张的权威认可。在第三篇论文《经验中的个人--自然主义与对感觉材料理论的批判》中，我认为，今天的自然主义与古典的经验主义有某种相似之处，所谓的感觉材料理论并不能正确地代表真正的经验主义哲学。在第四篇论文中，“哲学家们对实验自然科学的本质无知有多久了？本文指出，认识论的“内-外”模式使哲学家们无法真正理解自然科学中的实验和观察。在1997年于加州蒙特雷召开的第24届休谟会议上发表的第五篇论文《现代人的概念与休谟的人格同一性》中，我提出了这样一种观点：休谟对人格同一性概念的分析方法可以被视为当今知识社会学和社会人类学的原型。第六篇论文，“笛卡尔和英国哲学”，描述了区别哲学家，如罗伯特波义耳和约翰洛克，从笛卡尔的特点。