Chemo-ecological aspects of studies for environmental control using the blue mussel

我们建立了一个独特的生物测定筛选附着引诱剂和驱避剂使用的蓝贻贝贻贝galloprovincialis。研究了各种物理因素，如尺寸、机械搅拌、暴露于空气、盐度、钙和/或镁以及温度对深海丝形成的影响。我们研究了化学物质对海底丝形成的影响。Fe（III）EDTA、曲酸、L-抗坏血酸、苯甲酸钠和苯酚（各为100 μ mol/l）对紫贻贝的菌丝丝形成的影响分别比对照组（丝数8+1 ; 100%）增加49、44、19、16和4%。对于Fe（III）EDTA，在200 mumol/l时，线的数量加倍。曲酸在50 ~ 200 μ mol/L浓度范围内，酶活性无明显变化。MgCl_2和CaCl_2的抑制率分别为6%和24%，CuSO_4和烟酰胺在低浓度（10 μ mol/l和5 μ mol/l）时就完全抑制丝的形成。值得注意的是，Fe（III）EDTA对蓝贻贝显示出显著的剂量依赖性效应。新的检测方法使用了一个自由的贻贝，而不是一个固定的贻贝，因为在以前的检测方法中，它不能显示其自然行为。贻贝通过其感觉容器选择偏好区，向偏好区移动并通过足丝的产生固定在那里。如果贻贝向样品区移动，则确定该化合物为引诱剂，如果贻贝向空白区移动，则确定该化合物为驱避剂。通过新的测定方法，姜黄素、靛蓝胭脂红、α-生育酚和铁粉在1.0 μ mol/cm ^2时促进附着，而18-冠-6和BHT分别在20和28 μ mol/l时有效。壬基酚在0.1 μ mol/L时表现出驱避活性。两种测定方法所需的样品量几乎相同。

We have established a unique bioassay for screening attachment attractants and repellents using the blue mussel Mytilus edulis galloprovincialis. The effects of various physical factors such as, size, mechanical agitation, exposure to air, salinity, calcium and/or magnesium and temperature on byssal thread formation have been studied. We examined the effects of chemicals on byssal thread formation. Fe (III) EDTA, kojic acid, L- ascorbic acid, sodium benzoate and phenol, each at 100 mumol/l, showed an increase of 49,44,19,16, and 4% over control (number of threads 8+1 ; 100%) on byssal thread formation in M.edulis galloprovinciales. For Fe (III) EDTA,the number of threads doubled at 200mumol/l. No significant change of activity was observed for kojic acid over a concentration range of 50 to 200mumol/l. Slight inhibitory effect of 6 and 24% was observed for MgCl_2 and CaCl_2, whereas CuSO_4 and nicotinamide completely inhibited the formation of threads even at a concentration as low as 10 and 5mumol/l. Significantly, Fe (III) EDTA showed a significant dose-dependent effect against the blue mussel. The new assay uses a free mussel instead of a fixed mussel, as used in previous assay where it couldn't show its natural behavior. The mussel selected the zones of preference by its sensory receptacle, moved toward preferred zones and fixed there by production of byssus filaments. If the mussel moved toward sample zone, the compound was determined to be attractant, if it moved toward blank zone, the compound was determined to be repellent. By the new assay method, curcumin, indigo carmine, alpha-tocopherol and iron powder at 1.0mumol/cm^2 promoted attachment while 18-crown-6 and BHT were effective at 20 and 28 mumol/l, respectively. Nonylphenol showed the repellent activity at 0.1mumol/l. The amount of samples required is almost same for both the assay methods.