Clinical and Experimental Studies for the Effects of Exercise and Food Restriction on Basal Metabolic Rate and Bone Metabolism

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At first, we investigated the desire and its reasons for weight loss, the prevalence od disordered eating patterns (DEP) and menstrual status, by using written questionaires and Eating Attitude Test-26 (EAT-26), in Japanese female athletes (n= 1000) and nonathletic controls (n=593). In the categories of endurance I (athletes competing in sports where leanness is considered important) and aesthetic groups, the prevalence of DEP and amenorrhea were significantly higher than in the nonathletic controls. These data indicate a significantly higher prevalence of DEP and menstrual dysfunction in the athletes involved in sports where leanness is emphasized, and a close relationship among undernutrition, low body weight and menstrual dysfunction.In contrast, in Chinese female athletes, the prevalence of DEP is low (technical 1.5%, endurance I 3.3%, endurance II (athletes competing in sports where leanness is considered less important) 1.6%, aesthetic 3.0%, ball-game 3.0% and power sports 0.9%), and did not differ from that in nonathletic controls (0.7%). The prevalence rates of amenorrhea was also low both in athletes and nonathletes. It was suggested that a low prevalence of DEP in Chinese athletes stems from low socioculturally- and socioeconomically-imposed desires to be thin and low requirements for weight loss to improve athletic performance.Thirdly, we investigated the effects of endurance exercise and food restriction (70%) on the resting metabolic rate and bone metabolism in young female rats. Voluntary running exercise concurrent with food restriction increased serum lipid levels and estradiol concentration. Resting O_2 uptake was not different among both exercise and non-exercise groups and control and restricted groups : Unfortunately, we could not examined bone mineral.