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Systematization of Karst Processes in Japan

日本喀斯特过程的系统化

基本信息

批准号：
07680190
负责人：
YOSHINO Kazuko
金额：
$ 1.41万
依托单位：
Komazawa University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1995
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1995 至 1997
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Weight loss of limestone tablets by solution has been measured in order to clarify the regionality and year to year fluctuation of the karst processes at 7 observation stations (Asahikawa, abukuma, Chichibu, Akiyoshidai, Sikoku-onogahara, Ryugado and Minamidaito) in Japan during 1993-1997. This study was supported by Grant-in-aid in 1995,1996, and 1997. The results obtained are as follows :(1) In Honshu, solution rates are higher in the southern parts of Japan. However, Minamidaito is an exception, because of existence of dry period during summer.(2) In each station, the solution rates in A_3 and B_2 horizon of soil layrs are 2-3 times higher than 1.5m in the air above the ground. This means that the "covered karst processes" are 2-3 times higher than the "bare karst processes".(3) During the 5 years measured, the highest solution rates were occurred in 1993, a wet year and on the contrary, the smallest solution rates were occurred in 1994, a dry and hot year, which appeared at the almost all observation points.(4) Correlation coefficient between (solution rate of limestone) and (water surplus, WS-water deficit, WD) for the 5 years is the highest in the air, 1.5m above the ground.(5) Correlation coefficient between (solution rate of limestone in A_3 horizon and B_2 horizon of soils) and (annual precipitation) is the highest for the 5 years measured.(6) In the soils, high CO_2 contents have been observed during the warmer period of the years. After 3-4 days of 20mm rainfall, CO_2 contents in the soils show extremely high value. It is considered that these water contents and high CO_2 values resulted in karstification strongly.In conclusion, the systematization of karst processes in Japan has been made clear as written in (1)-(6) above.

为了阐明1993-1997年间日本7个观测站（旭川站、阿武隈站、秩父站、秋吉台站、四国小野原站、龙河堂站和南大东站）喀斯特过程的区域性和逐年波动情况，测量了石灰石片的溶液失重。这项研究得到了1995、1996和1997年的资助。获得的结果如下：(1)在本州，日本南部地区的解决率较高。但南大东是个例外，因为存在夏季干旱期。(2)各站土层A_3、B_2层的溶解率比地面1.5m高处的溶解率高2～3倍。这意味着“覆盖岩溶过程”比“裸露岩溶过程”高2-3倍。(3)在测量的5年中，溶蚀率最高出现在丰水年的1993年，相反，溶蚀率最小出现在干热年的1994年，几乎所有观测点都出现了这种现象。(4)(石灰岩溶蚀率)与(水剩余量，WS-水)之间的相关系数 (5)(土壤A_3层和B_2层石灰石溶解速率)与(年降水量)的相关系数为5年最高。(6)土壤中CO_2含量在年份较温暖的时期最高。经过3-4天20毫米的降雨后，土壤中CO_2含量呈现极高值。认为这些含水量和高CO_2值导致了强烈的岩溶作用。综上所述，日本岩溶过程的系统化已经明确，如上面(1)-(6)所述。