Study on Speaker Individuality in Speech and its Control

虽然语音可以用它的物理方面来描述，即反映声道特征和与声门振动特性有关的基频的精细频谱包络，但嵌入到物理方面的说话人个性的物理相关性还没有详细讨论。本报告研究了频谱包络和基频轮廓中的说话人个性。此外，这份报告集中于通过声学特征和侧向发音错误(LM)的发音运动与频谱包络形状相关的语音音色。研究结果得出以下结论：1.频谱包络：(1)对于说话人识别，频谱包络中的峰值比峰值更显著；(2)说话人的个性主要存在于比峰值更高的1740赫兹附近的频段；(3)语音质量可以通过用一个说话人的频段替换其他说话人的频段来控制。基频：(1)基频轮廓中存在说话人个性，(2)与基频高度和时序相关的一些特定参数更具说话人个性特征，(3)这些参数的操纵可以控制说话人个性。侧方构音障碍：(1)在4 kHz以上的频段，LM的频谱包络比较平坦，在3.2 kHz附近有一个明显的峰值，且几乎呈周期性变化；(2)用LM替换正常语音的2.5~4.5 kHz的频谱包络，可显著增加LM的听觉印象；(3)LM的典型峰值与声道狭窄区的长度和位置有关。

Although speech can be described by its physical aspects ; that is fine spectral envelopes reflecting vocal tract features and fundamental frequencies related to glottal vibration characteristics, the physical correlates of speaker individuality embedded in the physical aspects have not been discussed in detail. This report investigates speaker individuality in spectral envelopes and fundamental frequency contours. Additionally, this report focuses on speech timbre related to spectral envelope shapes through acoustical features and articulatory movement of lateral misarticulations (LM). The findings lead to the following conclusions.1. Spectral envelope : (1) the peaks in the spectral envelopes are more significant than dips for speaker identification, (2) speaker individuality mainly exists in the frequency band higher than the peak around 1740 Hz, and (3) the voice quality can be controlled by replacing the frequency band of one speaker with that of other speakers.2. Fundamental frequency : (1) Speaker individuality exists in the fundamental frequency contours, (2) some specific parameters related to the height and the timing of the fundamental frequency have more speaker individuality features, and (3) the manipulation of these parameters can control speaker individuality.3. Lateral misarticulation : (1) the spectral envelopes of LM are flat in the frequency band above approximately 4 kHz and there is a substantial peak around 3.2 kHz in LM,which varies with time almost periodically ; (2) the replacement of the spectral envelope between 2.5 and 4.5kHz of normal speech with that of LM resulted in a remarkable increase auditory impressions of LM,and (3) the typical peaks of LM are related to the length and the position of the vocal tract constriction region.