Fundamental Study on Safety Analysis of Man-Machine Systems

本研究的主要目的是开发在设计或规划阶段分析人机系统安全性的方法。在项目的第一年，研究了以下主题：人和机器行为的情境依赖模型及其在导致系统故障或事故的事件序列推导中的应用，以及预防系统事故的系统方法。首先，通过描述人机之间的相互作用来表达它们之间的依赖关系，从而获得影响因素。将影响因素视为人或机器的外部输入，每个行为模型可以用条件-动作关系等if-then规则来表示。虽然人类行为不一定以与机器行为相同的方式表示，但它们可以通过根据情况引入可用规则的修改来类似地建模。由于人和机器模型相互作用，事件序列 ...更多信息 第二年，开发了基于事件序列的人机系统安全分析系统。在对简单的加油和点灯任务的分析中，根据其事件序列的偏差来评估人为错误的影响，以实现其目标。在对人类行为建模时，经验因素被考虑如下。一个事先遇到同样情况的人可以自动处理它（基于技能的行为）或知道如何处理它（基于规则的行为），而一个没有经验的人必须根据他的一般知识处理它（基于知识的行为）。为了预测事件序列中发生的错误，必须利用认知工程对人类行为的研究成果。针对人机系统的安全性分析，提出了基于键合图的失效影响分析方法，键合图从能量流的角度描述系统的行为。所提出的方法可以评估任何特定的系统变量上的组件故障的影响。少

The main object of this research is to develop methodology to analyze the safety of man-machine systems at their design or planning stage.In the first year of the project, the following subjects are studied : situation-dependency models of human and machine behaviors and their application to the derivation of event sequences leading to a system failure or accident, and a systematic method to prevent system accidents. Firstly, influencing factors are obtained by specifying interactions between man and machine to express their dependency. Regarding an influencing factor as external input to human or machine, each behavior model can be represented in terms of if-then rules such as condition-action relations. Although human behaviors are not necessarily be represented in the same manner as machine behaviors, they can be modeled similarly by introducing the modification of available rules depending on the situation. Since the human and machine models interact on each other, the event sequen … More ce of human behaviors must be obtained in terms of (system condition, human behavior) -pair.In the second year, the safety analysis system using event sequences in man-machine systems is developed. In the analysis of simple tank-filling and lamp-lighting tasks, the effect of human errors is evaluated based on the deviation in their event sequence to achieve its object. In modeling human behaviors, the experience factor is considered as follows. A man who met the same situation beforehand can deal with it automatically (skill-based behavior) or has know-how to deal with it (rule-based behavior), while an unexperienced man must deal with it based on his general knowledge (knowledge-based behavior). To predict what kind of error occurs in the event sequence, the result of cognitive engineering on human behaviors must be utilized. Relating to the safety analysis of man-machine systems, the failure effect analysis method is also developed based on the bond graph, which represents the system behavior from the viewpoint of energy flow. The proposed method can evaluate the effect of a component failure on any specific system variable. Less