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A Study of Re-industrialization of the United States in the 1990s

20世纪90年代美国再工业化研究

基本信息

批准号：
09630051
负责人：
KAWAMURA Tetsuji
金额：
$ 0.9万
依托单位：
Musashi University (1998)Teikyo University (1997)
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1997
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1997 至 1998
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-09630051/
关键词：
The U.S.economy in the 1990s Re-industrialization Reaganomics Information and communication technology M & A Lean production system Corporate system Labor relations アメリカの産業的再生リーン生産システム労使関係の変容ジャパナイゼーション自動車産業電機産業鉄鋼業情報通信産

项目摘要

The main results of this study are summarized as the following three points :1. In the 1990s the U.S.economy has shown a very good performance. Personal income has been increased to a great degree. Budget deficits of the federal government has eliminated. It has achieved low unemployment rates and low inflation rate, at the same time. It has been, in short, experiencing a boom economy, just compared to "the longest peacetime economic growth" in the 1960s. Judging from these facts, it could be concluded that the re-industrialization of the U.S.economy has been achieved.2. The re-industrialization of the U.S economy in the 1999s in a long historical perspective can be summarized as follows :(1)The predominant competitiveness of the postwar U.S.industries was brought about by the postwar "Fax-Americana" politico-economic system. It was a system build on the basis of the postwar-corporate-system that are characterized as amatured oligopoly regime". It was based on the American-type mass pr … More oduction system and postwar traditional-type labor relations. The system also incorporated the international monetary and trade system and politico-military regime under the U.S.hegemonic power. It was established as a direct outcome of the World War II war economy, on the basis of the long historical industrial development since the 19th century. The deterioration and breakdown of such postwar-system should be the main cause of the quite serious problems of de-industriatization problems that the U.S.faced in the early 1980s.(2) The re-industrialization in the 1990s of the U.S.economy have been the results of the re-structuring and reorganization of the economy since the 1980s. Major aspects are : OReorganization of business structure of major corporations, including through active M&A.(3)Innovative changes of the traditional-type mass production system and supplier system into a "lean-production system", The transformation of the traditional-type labor relations and proliferation of the so-called "non-union-type" ones.(4)Managerial innovation of corporate organization. It can be noted that those process accelerated through active introduction of innovative information and communication technologies, such as "CALS", "Supply-Chain-Management", "Knowledge-Management Methods", and so on.. "Reagnomics" in the 1980s, characterized as "Neo-conservatism" and "De-regulation", provided a macro economic frameworks.3. The current U.S.economy, however, is increasingly showing a nature of a "Stock-market-driven Boom", as it were. The economy still continues vast trade- and current account-deficits. The polarization of income distribution is increasing. The further study of the re-industrialization of the U.S.economy in the 1990s should be necessary, just distinguishing the factors from the good performance of the firms and industries that are connected with the "Bubble" boom of the stock markets. Less

本研究的主要结果概括为以下三点：1. 20世纪90年代美国经济表现非常好。个人收入在很大程度上增加了。联邦政府的预算赤字已经消除。它同时实现了低失业率和低通货膨胀率。简而言之，与20世纪60年代“和平时期最长的经济增长”相比，它一直在经历繁荣的经济。从这些事实来看，美国经济的再工业化已经结束。从长期的历史视角看，1999年代美国经济的再工业化可以概括为：（1）战后“传真-美国式”政治经济体制造就了美国经济的强势竞争力。U.S.industries它是建立在以不成熟的寡头垄断体制为特征的战后公司制基础上的一种体制。它是基于美国式的大众公关 ...更多信息生产制度和战后传统型劳动关系。这一体系还包括美国霸权下的国际货币和贸易体系以及政治军事体系。它是在19世纪以来工业长期发展的基础上，作为第二次世界大战战争经济的直接产物而建立的。这种战后体制的恶化和崩溃应该是美国在20世纪80年代初所面临的相当严重的去工业化问题的主要原因。(2)20世纪90年代美国经济的再工业化是20世纪80年代以来经济结构调整和重组的结果。主要方面是：重组大公司的业务结构，包括通过积极的并购。（3）将传统型的大规模生产系统和供应商系统创新性地转变为“精益生产系统”，改变传统型的劳动关系，并增加所谓的“非工会型”劳动关系。（4）公司组织的管理创新。可以指出，通过积极采用创新的信息和通信技术，如“CALS”、“供应链管理”、“知识管理方法”等，这些进程得到了加速。20世纪80年代以“新保守主义”和“放松管制”为特征的“经济学”提供了宏观经济框架。然而，当前的美国经济越来越显示出“股市驱动型繁荣”的性质。中国经济仍然存在巨大的贸易赤字和经常账户赤字。收入分配两极分化加剧。对20世纪90年代美国经济再工业化的进一步研究是必要的，只是要区分与股票市场“泡沫”繁荣有关的公司和行业的良好表现的因素。少