Studies of cytology, enzyme electrophoresis and genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) on the evolution of Polystichum

对日本耳蕨的染色体数目、减数分裂行为、基因组原位杂交和酶电泳进行了研究。Polystichum Polyblepharum（Room. ex kunze）Pr.，P.longifrons Kurata、P.tagawanum Kurata、P.pseudo-makinoi Tagawa、P.ovatopaleacum（Kodama）Kurata和P.makinoi（Tagawa）Tagawa为2n=164的四分体。其中许多在中期Ⅰ显示82个二价体，并有性繁殖。kiusiuensisTagawa，P.eximium（Mett. ExKuhn）C. Chr. P. otomasuiSa.Kurata和P. fibrilloso-palaceum（Kodama）Tagawa为二倍体，2n=82。在减数分裂中期I，P.eximium和P. fibrilloso-palaceum形成了41个二价体。所有假定的杂种P. * anceps Kurata，P.* hakonense kurata，P.* hatajukuense Kurata，P.* kiyozumianum Kurata，P.* pseudo-ovatopaleaceum Akasawa和P.高山参Kurata为四倍体，2n=164，减数分裂不规则。有性四倍体的等位酶变异表现出典型的异源多倍体模式。孢子体杂合带在配子体中不分离，为固定杂合带。推测的杂种的杂种优势，证实了他们的等位酶模式。四倍体物种间的遗传一致性较高，而二倍体和四倍体物种间的遗传一致性较低。GISH还证实了二倍体和四倍体物种之间的遗传差异。

Chromosome number, meiotic behavior, genomic in site hybridizatio, enzyme electrophoretic studies were made on Japanese Polystichum. Polystichum Polyblepharum (Room. ex kunze) Pr., P.longifrons kurata, P.tagawanum Kurata, P.pseudo-makinoi Tagawa, P.ovatopaleacum (Kodama) Kurata, and P.makinoi (Tagawa) Tagawa were tetrads with 2n=164. Many of them displayd 82 bivalents in metaphase I,and reproduced sexually. Polystichum kiusiuensis Tagawa, P.eximium (Mett.Ex Kuhn) C.Chr. P.otomasui Sa.Kurata and P.fibrilloso-paleaceum (Kodama) Tagawa were diploids with 2n=82. In meiotic metaphase I,41 bivalents were formed in P.eximium and P.fibrilloso-paleaceum. All of putative hybrids P.*anceps Kurata, P.*hakonense kurata, P.*hatajukuense Kurata, P.*kiyozumianum Kurata, P.*pseudo-ovatopaleaceum Akasawa and P.*takaosanense Kurata were tetraploids with 2n=164 and their meiosis were irregular. Allozyme variations of sexual tetraploids displayd typical allopolyploidal patterns. Heterozygotic bands of sporophytes did not segregate in gametophyes, and they were fixed heterozygosity. Hybridities of putative hybrids were confirmed by their allozyme patterns. Genetic identity values between tetraploid species were high, while those values between diploids and tetraploids were low. GISH also confirmed genetic differences between diploid and tetraploid species.