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Study on Mercury Pollution in The Amazonia, Brazil

巴西亚马逊流域汞污染研究

基本信息

批准号：
08041121
负责人：
NAKANISHI Junko
金额：
$ 5.18万
依托单位：
Yokohama National University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for international Scientific Research
财政年份：
1996
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1996 至 1998
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-08041121/
关键词：
Amazon Mercury Pollution Methyl Mercury Poisoning Risk Assessment Health Effect 水俣病

项目摘要

The adverse effect of mercury pollution on human health in the Amazon was carried out between 1992 and 1998 as a joint project with Nucleo de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal do Para. The mercury level of human hair was measured to estimate the risks of human health and the symptom of methylmercury poisoning was clinically diagnosed at same time. The main area for the investigation were the three fishing villages by the middle reaches of Tapajos river of a tributary in the Amazon. Some other fishing villages, the gold mining sites and cities were investigated for the comparison. From the concentration analysis and statistical analysis of 454 samples taken from residents in the main investigation area, the probability of the occurrences of paresthesia was estimated to be about 4%. It was estimated that there could be some occurrences of retarded walking for newborns from the result of the investigation of 57 women between 20 and 30 years old.Based on this result, we have done a f … More ollow up survey with the medical doctor's diagnosis mainly on the residents with over 2Oppm of mercury level in hair and the pregnant women. As a result, we have found 3 individuals with chronic methylmercury poisoning symptoms and 5 individuals who might have the same symptoms.Since 90% of the mercury in the residents' hair was methyl mercury, exposure is thought to be from eating fish. Hence, 20 samples of 12 kinds of fish in Tapajos river were analyzed, and 3 large carnivorous fish with over 0.4ppm mercury level, which is the health-standard for edible fish for saltwater fish in Japan and 1 kind of fish with over 1ppm mercury level, which is the health-standard for edible fish for freshwater fish was found. Small herbivore fish's mercury levels are low. Since the differences in the mercury level among fish kind were found out, the reduction or risks are possible by instructing the residents with high level of mercury and the pregnant women on which kind of fish to eat.Sediment of the river by the fishing villages was sampled at 3 points and was analyzed. Adding the samples of 6 points from last year, there were only 1 sample with over 0.lppm of mercury in 9 samples. This is very low comparing to the cases of mercury pollution in Japan and Canada, and shows the special characteristics of the nature in the Amazon. Less

1992年至1998年，作为与巴拉圭联邦大学热带医学中心的一个联合项目，在亚马逊地区开展了汞污染对人类健康的不利影响研究，测量了人类头发中的汞含量，以估计人类健康的风险，同时对甲基汞中毒症状进行了临床诊断。调查的主要区域是亚马逊河支流塔帕霍斯河中游的三个渔村。并对其他一些渔村、金矿遗址和城市进行了调查比较。通过对主调查区454份居民样本的浓度分析和统计分析，估计感觉异常发生的概率约为4%。本文通过对57名20 ~ 30岁妇女的调查，估计新生儿存在一定程度的行走迟缓，并据此对新生儿行走迟缓的发生率进行了分析。 ...更多信息以发汞含量超过2 Oppm的居民和孕妇为主要调查对象，结合医生诊断进行跟踪调查。结果发现3人出现慢性甲基汞中毒症状，5人可能出现慢性甲基汞中毒症状。由于居民头发中90%的汞是甲基汞，因此认为接触甲基汞是因为吃鱼。因此，对塔帕霍斯河12种鱼类的20个样品进行了分析，发现3种大型肉食性鱼类的汞含量超过了日本咸水鱼食用鱼健康标准的0.4ppm，1种鱼类的汞含量超过了淡水鱼食用鱼健康标准的1 ppm，小型草食性鱼类的汞含量较低。由于发现了鱼类之间汞含量的差异，通过指导汞含量高的居民和孕妇吃哪种鱼，可以减少或降低风险。在渔村附近的河流中，在3个点采集了沉积物，并进行了分析。加上去年6个点的样品，9个样品中只有1个样品汞含量超过0.1ppm。与日本和加拿大的汞污染案例相比，这是非常低的，并显示了亚马逊自然的特殊性。少