Foraging behavior and energy dynamics of Antarctic penguins

南极企鹅的觅食行为和能量动态

• 批准号: 08044224
• 负责人: FUKUCHI Mitsuo
• 金额: $ 6.53万
• 依托单位: National Institute of Polar Research
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for international Scientific Research
• 财政年份: 1996
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1996 至 1997
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-08044224/
• 关键词: data logger; penguins; diving; swim speed; EOG; metabolic rate; foraging behavior; buoyancy; アデリーペンギン; オオサマペンギン; 潜水行動; 採蝕行動; 体温; 代謝; 海氷

In the Antarctic Ocean penguins play important role in the Antarctic marine ecosystem by foraging the Antarctic krill and some other prey organisms which are, particularly krill, key species of the ecosystem. In the recent studies, it was revealed that global climate system have significant effect on the Antarctic marine ecosystem through the change of sea ice condition. To understand how such change and effect may occur is still uncertain. We studied the process of change by measuring effort of dividing and foraging behavior of penguins by highly sophisticated micro-data logger system. The result showed that penguins dive deeper and longer when ice condition was heavy inndicating their increase of foraging effort. They showed unique dive profile benarth the sea ice which weree never seen in ice free area. This suggest that heavy ice condition have a kind of stress to the penguins. Interesting results on swim behavior was also found in this study. Swim speed of penguin (king penguin) was 2m/second during dive and increase their speed up to 3m/s at the last moment of ascending phase without paying any fluttering effort. This suggest that they came to surface by increased buoyancy of inflated air volume in their lungs.

在南极海洋，企鹅通过觅食南极磷虾和其他一些猎物生物在南极海洋生态系统中发挥着重要作用，特别是磷虾，是生态系统的关键物种。近年来的研究表明，全球气候系统通过海冰状况的变化对南极海洋生态系统产生了重要影响。如何理解这种变化和影响可能发生仍然是不确定的。我们通过高精密的微型数据记录系统测量企鹅的划分和觅食行为的努力，研究了变化的过程。结果表明，冰情较重时，企鹅潜得越深、时间越长，觅食努力越大。它们在海冰下表现出独特的潜水特征，这在无冰区是从未见过的。这表明，重冰条件对企鹅有一种压力。在这项研究中还发现了关于游泳行为的有趣结果。企鹅（王企鹅）在下潜时的游泳速度为2米/秒，在上升阶段的最后一刻，它们的速度增加到3米/秒，而不付出任何颤动的努力。这表明它们是通过肺部充气量增加浮力而浮出水面的。

项目成果

Watanuki Y: "Diving and foraging of behavior Adelie penguins in areas with and without fast pack-ice" Polar Biology. 17. 296-304 (1997)

Watanuki Y：“阿德利企鹅在有或没有浮冰的地区的潜水和觅食行为”极地生物学。

Watanuki Y: "Diving and foraging behavior of Adelie penguins in areas withand without fast pack-ice" Polar Biology. 17. 296-304 (1997)

Watanuki Y：“阿德利企鹅在有和没有快速浮冰的地区的潜水和觅食行为”极地生物学。