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Urvan Earthquake Hazard Assessment and Rehabilitation

乌尔万地震灾害评估与恢复

基本信息

批准号：
08045035
负责人：
KURIBAYASHI Eiichi
金额：
$ 2.82万
依托单位：
TOYOHASHI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for international Scientific Research
财政年份：
1996
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1996 至 1997
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-08045035/
关键词：
Earthquake disaster Urban disaster prevention High population density city Near field earthquake Earthq.disaster prediction Disaster prevention plan Direct damage Indirect damage 人工密集都市

项目摘要

In order to solve the relation between the earthquake disaster and socio-economic structure of relevant area, the disasters of the Hyo-go Ken Nanbu Earthquake (1995, Japan) and the Tangshan Earthquake (1976, China) are investigated in detail, especially paying attention on the personnel damage, the direct economic loss and the indirect economic loss. On the other hand, to the process of rehabilitation, the personnel activities are also play very important role with the progressive socio-economic structure. For these two aspects (disaster assessment and rehabilitation), some results are remarked as below.a) In the Hyo-go Ken Nanbu Earthquake, the collapse of house and personnel damage affect mainly the level of disaster due to its especial socio-economic status including high population density, large rate of ols house and aged resident.b) As a post-earthquake effects, the movement of resident due to the house damage, bad emergency asylum life condition, dull recovery of individual consumption, employment and unemployment, the stress accumulation and release and so on, have made a strong influence to the rehabilitation process.c) Both in Kobe city and Tangshan city, the rebuild of house was most important and affected directly the rehabilitation of other. It shown very different process in set of emergency asylum, construction of temple apartment and rebuild of permanent house because of their different social system. The improvement of residence in Tangshan city is considered to be more succesful.d) The index named as equivalent years of disaster loss is defined, which is equal to the amount of disaster divided by the relevant value at last year. Through the disaster analysis in Koube and Tangshan city, it is possible to use the proposed index to scale the level of disasters not only in developed country but also in developing area.

为了解决地震灾害与相关地区社会经济结构的关系，对1995年日本兵库县南部地震和1976年中国唐山地震的灾害进行了详细的调查，特别关注了人员伤亡、直接经济损失和间接经济损失。另一方面，随着社会经济结构的进步，人员活动对康复过程也起着非常重要的作用。对于这两个方面在兵库县南部地震中，由于人口密度大、老年人居住率高，房屋倒塌和人员伤亡是影响灾情的主要因素。B）作为震后效应，房屋倒塌和人员伤亡对居民的迁移影响很大。紧急避难生活条件差、个人消费恢复缓慢、就业与失业、压力积累与释放等，都对灾后重建进程产生了强烈的影响。3）无论是科比市还是唐山市，灾后重建都是灾后重建的重中之重，直接影响灾后重建。由于社会制度的不同，在紧急避难所的设置、寺庙公寓的建造、永久住宅的重建等方面，都表现出了截然不同的过程。（4）定义了灾害损失当量年数指标，即上一年的灾害量除以相应的损失值。通过对库贝市和唐山市的灾害分析，利用该指标不仅可以衡量发达国家的灾害水平，而且可以衡量发展中地区的灾害水平。