Structural and Functional Analyses of Blue Light Photoreceptor Systems

主要以裸藻、蓝藻和衣藻为研究对象，对蓝光感光感光信号转导系统的分子结构和功能进行了分析：(1)通过生化提取、分子克隆和测序(Iseki、Matsunaga、Murakami、Shiga)，鉴定出一种新的蓝光感光蛋白。杉井，荷里。Takahashi，Watanabe)；(2)在蓝藻聚合体中获得了蓝光不敏感突变体。利用蓝光诱导异养生长反应(WADA)的PCC 6803；(3)蓝藻(Ohmori)对红/远红光和蓝光敏感的光信号转导途径；(4)蓝光诱导的小球藻(Kamiya)质子泵激活过程中蛋白激酶的参与；(5)隐花色素介导的拟南芥原生质体细胞收缩的膜去极化被归因于阴离子通道的激活和由此产生的氯离子外流(Iino)；(6)UV-A光，而不是蓝光，已被证明在光谱上控制衣藻(齐藤、松田、渡边)的配子发生；(7)哺乳动物隐色素已被分子遗传学证明是光介导的小鼠昼夜节律的光感受器(Yasui)。

Using mainly such algae as Euglena, cyanobacteria, and Chlamydomonas, molecular structures and functions of blue-light sensing photoreceptor-signal transuduction systems have been analyzed : (1) a novel blue-light photoreceptor protein has been identified for Euglena photomovement by biochemical extraction, subsequent molecular cloning and sequencing (Iseki, Matsunaga, Murakami, Shiga. Sugai, Hori. Takahashi, Watanabe) ; (2) blue-light insensitive mutants have been genarated in the cyanobacterium Synechocystfs sp. PCC 6803 using blue-1ight requiring heterotrophic growth response (Wada) ; (3) photo-signal transduction pathways in which adenylate cyclases are involved have been demonstrated for red/far-red and blue light sensing in cyanobacteria (Ohmori) ; (4) involvement of protein kinases has been phannacologically demonstrated in blue-light -induced activation of proton pumping in Chlorella (Kamiya) ; (5) the cryptochrome-mediated membrane depolarization in Arabidopsis protoplast cells proceeding shrinking has been ascribed to activation of anion channels and resultant efflux of chloride ions (Iino) ; (6) UV-A light, not blue light, has been shown action spectroscopically to control gametogenesis in Chlamydomonas (Saito, Matsuda, Watanabe) ; (7) mammalian cryptochromes have been molecular genetically shown to be essential as photoreceptors for light-mediated entraining of circadian rhythms in mice (Yasui).