Petrological-geochemical studies of the martian rocks (meteorites) originated from Mars.

到目前为止，有12块火星陨石被称为SNC陨石(S陨石、纳赫利特陨石(N)和雀斑陨石(C))，它们被认为是起源于火星。所有的火星陨石都是由母星火星上的岩浆在太阳系近代史(116 Ma-1.3Ga)期间结晶形成的火成岩，除了一个标本。大多数火星陨石显示出典型的结晶火成岩结构和强烈的冲击波，只有两个标本(ALH84001和Yamato-793605)显示出单一角砾岩结构。其中ALH84001为斜方辉石单组分角砾岩，年龄为4.5Ga，反映了其在火星上的前世生活。最近，又发现了三个标本，并确认为火星起源。它们是Y-1071(暂定)、Dar al Ghani 476和Lucky 13。根据它们的结构，火星陨石被简单地分为两个结构群：结晶岩和角砾岩。结晶群包括堆积结构、辉长玄武岩结构和辉长岩-玄武岩结构。根据它们的结构、矿物组合、化学成分和结晶作用，初步将它们划分为纯橄榄岩、二辉橄榄岩、单斜辉石岩、斜辉石岩和辉长辉长岩五种岩石类型。Dunite(Chassignites)：Chassigny2.二辉橄榄岩：ALH-77005、LEW88516、YAMATO-7936O5、Y-10753。单斜辉石(Nakhlites)纳赫拉，拉法耶特，州长瓦拉达雷斯4.辉石岩：ALH84001，(达尔加尼476)5.辉长岩(雪长花岗岩)：谢尔果提，扎加米，EETA79OO1，QUE94201，(幸运13)

Twelve martian meteorites are well known so far as SNC meteorites (Shergottites (S), Nakhlites (N) and Chassignites (C)), which are believed to have originated from Mars. All the martian meteorites are igneous rocks formed by crystallization of a magma on the parent planet, Mars, during recent history of the solar system (116 Ma -1.3 Ga) except one specimen. Most martian meteorites show a typical crystalline igneous texture with intense shock, and only two specimens (ALH84001 and Yamato-793605) show the monomict brecciaed texture. Especially, ALH84001 is orthopyroxene monomict breccia indicating a remarkably old age of 4.5 Ga, and suggest the past life on Mars. Recently more three specimens were recovered and identified to martian origin. They are Y-1071(tentative), Dar al Ghani 476 and Lucky 13.According to their textures, martian meteorites are briefly separated into two textural groups : crystalline and breccia. A crystalline group includes cumulate, poikilitic and gabbroic - basaltic textures. They are preliminary classified into following five rock types of dunite, lherzolite, Clinopyroxenite, orthopyroxenite and gabbro-dolerite from their texture, mineral assemblages and chemical compsitions along with their crystallization.1. Dunite (Chassignites) : Chassigny2. Lherzolite : ALH-77OO5, LEW88516, Yamato-7936O5, Y-10753. Clinopyroxenite (Nakhlites) Nakhla, Lafayette, Governador Valadares4. Orthpyroxenite : ALH84001, (Dar al Ghani 476)5. Gabbro-dolerite (Shergottites) : Shergotty, Zagami, EETA79OO1, QUE94201, (Lucky 13)