General and Theoretical Study of Modern Envionmental Law and Environmental Policy

本研究旨在分析日本现代环境法与环境政策的发展。本文的研究结果总结如下：首先，日本在20世纪60年代进行了反污染法的创新，从20世纪70年代开始，随着扩散和更普遍的环境问题变得严重，环境法得到了发展。其次，以德国和日本为中心的比较分析指出，日本法系倾向于非正式和契约解决方式，而德国法系则集中发展了公法工具。第三，近年来在环境法领域发展起来的一些思想，如法律的响应性和灵活性的重要性，促使人们重新思考以严格规则为基础的西方法律思想。研究表明，日本的法律理念在一定程度上促进了现代环境法新理念的创新。最后，本研究得出结论，环境法的发展跨越政治意识形态和制度，因此是一些政治因素的自变量。

This study aims at analyzing the development of modern environmental law and environmental policy in Japan. The findings of this study are summarized as follows :First, in Japan in 1960s the innovation of anti-pollution law was observed and since l970s, when diffuser and more general environmental problems became serious, the environmental law has been developed.Secondary, the comparative analyzation focusing on Germany and Japan points out that the Japanese legal system prefers the informal and contractual solving methods, while the German legal system has intensively developed the instruments of public law.Thirdly, some ideas, which have been developed in recent years in the field of environmental law, for example the significance of responsiveness and flexibility of law, urges the reconsideration of western legal ideas, which are based upon rigorous rules. This study demonstrates that Japanese legal ideas contribute the innovation of the new ideas of modern environmental law to some extent.Finally, this study comes to the conclusion that the development of environmental law across the political ideology and institutions and in consequence is the independent variable of some political factors.