Persistence and Discontinuity in Political Soscialization

这是对当代日本政治态度发展与转变的实证研究。我们的数据是基于1997年秋天在东京地区对近1300名青少年和840名成年人进行的问卷调查的结果。假设儿童和青少年时期的政治社会化是成人政治态度的重要决定因素。但是政治学习并不局限于儿童。这是一个终生的过程。成年期政治态度的发展可称为第二次政治社会化。目前的研究似乎将第一次政治社会化与第二次政治社会化分开研究。我们建议综合考虑这两者，即从儿童到成人会持续、改变和停止的东西。关于首相和国会议员等政治权威人物的形象，我们观察到这方面的持续和变化。日本儿童并不认为政治权威是善良、仁慈和善良的。成年人在这方面也表现出同样的趋势。孩子们对政治人物的看法可以说是“刻板印象”。另一方面，成年人则分别评价每个政治人物。我们在十年前和三十年前参加过政治态度和政治社会化的调查。这些经验使我们能够使用类似于队列分析的方法，观察“代际”变化和“成熟”变化。一个显著的趋势是政治不信任和政治犬儒主义的增加。这种趋势不应该放在西方，而应该放在日本政治文化的背景下讨论，因为我们可以在看似政治犬儒主义中找到对日本政治制度的一种支持。另一个趋势是“无政党支持”的蔓延。为了考虑这一问题，引入了“隐性政党支持”的概念。

This is an empirical study of development and transformation of political attitudes in contemporary Japan. Our data is based on the results of survey queationnaires administered in the autumn of 1997 in Tokyo area to nearly 1,300 teenagers and 840 adults.It is presumed that political socialization in childhood and adolescence is important determinant for adult political attitudes. But political learning is not restricted to children. It is a lifelong process. Development of political attitudes in adulthood may be called second political socialization. Current researches seem to study first political socialization and second political socialization separately. It is our proposal to consider these two together and comprehensively, namely what will persist, change and discontinue from children to adults.Concerning the images political authority figures, such as Prime Minister and Diet Members, we observe persistence and change in this regard. Japanese children do not regard political authority as kind, benevolent, and good. Adults show the same tendency in this regard. Children see political figures in terms of so to speak "stereotype". Adults, on the other hand, evaluate each individual political figure separately.We participated in the surveys of political attitudes and political socilalization ten years ago and thirty years ago. These experiences enable us to use the method similar to cohort analysis, and to observe "generational" change and "maturational" change. One of the remarkable trends is the increase of of political distrust and political cynicism. This trend should be discussed, not in Western terms, but in the context of Japanese political culture, for we can find a kind of support to the Japanese political system in seeming political cynicism. Another trend is the spread of "no political party to support". To consider this problem, the concept of "implicit party support" is introduced.