Longitudinal study of children's stress responses after the earthquake

这份报告是基于对1995年1月17日上午经历过严重兵库县南部地震的儿童的研究。这项研究的目的是澄清孩子们在地震后是如何感受到压力的。研究对象为小学三、五年级学生和初中二年级学生，灾后四个月(N=10,685)、六个月(N=9,698)、一年(N=9,034)和两年(N=10,692)进行了四次调查。采用儿童应激反应问卷(CSRI)测量创伤后应激反应。主要研究结果如下：1.通过因素分析，确定了CSRI的三个维度：(1)焦虑和恐惧(2)抑郁和躯体压力反应(3)质量感。儿童在地震后的应激反应特征表现为：(1)应激反应与所受震害呈正相关；(2)年龄较小的学生应激反应得分较高；(3)女生的应激反应强于男生。(4)震后两年来，应激反应总体呈下降趋势。但仍有17.70%的儿童表现出一定程度的创伤后应激反应。

This report is based on a research of children that were experienced to serious Hyogo-South earthquake on the morning January 17,1995. The purpose of the study was to clarify how children felt stress after the earthquake. Subjects participated were third and fifth grader of elementary schools and second grader of jinior high schools.Surveys were conducted four times after the disaster, namely, at four-months (N=10,685), six-months (N=9,698), one year (N=9,034) and two years (N=10,692). The Children's Stress Response Inventory (CSRI) was used for measurement of the post traumatic stress response. Main findings was as follows ;1. It was confirmed by factor analysis that CSRI has three dimensions ; (1) anxiety and fear (2) depression and physical stress response (3) quilty feeling.2. The Characteristics of Children's stress response after earthquake are as shown below.(1) Stress response has positive relation with their damages received by the earthquake.(2) Younger students showed high scores of stress responses.(3) Girls showed stronger stress response than boys(4) Stress response has been decreasing for two years after the earthquake as whole. But, 17.70% of Children still show some post-traumatic stress response by earthquake.