Health Psychological Approach to Guilt Feeling and Stress Responses After the Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake

在坂神淡路地震后6个月，对189名居民的应激体验、内疚感和应激反应进行了调查。结果表明，灾后居民经常暴露在应激事件中，并表现出多种应激反应，且居民在灾后经常表现出内疚感。地震后的内疚有两种，即，第一种是“遗弃罪”，表现为自责，因为他们认为自己的特定行为违反了他们的道德标准。第二种是“幸存者内疚”，表现为没有与家人或其他亲密的人分享不幸而产生的焦虑情绪。多元回归分析表明，遗弃内疚与认知功能障碍有关，而幸存者内疚与侵入性反应有关。这些结果表明，犯罪的认知功能分类可能有助于理解长期的应激反应，应激症状的预后和早期干预后的自然灾害。

Stress experiences, guilt and stress responses among 189 residents were investigated six months after the Hanshin-Awaji earthquake. The results showed that the residents frequently exposed to stressful events and showed various stress responses and guilt was often observed among residents after the disaster. There were two types of guilt after the earthquake, i.e., the first is "abandonment guilt" which was characterized as self-reproach because they thought their particular actions violated their moral standard. The second is "survivor guilt" which was characterized as dysphoric feeling for not sharing misfortune with their family or the other intimate persons. The multiple regression analyzes suggested that the abandonment guilt was related to cognitive dysfunction, whereas the survivor guilt was related to intrusive responses. These results suggested that classification of guilty by cognitive functions may be helpful to understand prolonged stress responses, prognosis of stress symptoms and early intervention after natural disasters.