Studies on Social Structures in Cross-cultural Region

本研究的主要目的是在确定冲绳为跨文化地区之后，通过跨文化接触考察历史社会状况，研究冲绳的社会结构，并展望冲绳的未来前景。绪方的研究对象是边界，爱扎的研究对象是语言的变化，藤田的研究对象是小型合作群体。通过这些研究，我们通过文献和数据以及听力研究来调查受外部文化影响的区域特征，但没有投入数值。结果表明，冲绳在历史上与其他文化的接触中经历了各种变化，虽然与日本本土地理上的密切关系使其与日本的关系更加紧密，但仍保持着受中国保护的独立身份。冲绳被称为“余”的历史差异是建立在跨文化差异之上的。当改变观点时，冲绳受到了其他文化的影响。例如，上层阶级有中国姓氏，过去试图建立父系社会，而中下层阶级则建立了类似日本旧社会的母系社会，以及围绕“utaki”（圣地）的名为“岛”的地区社会。这种社会具有封闭性的社会结构，是一种以社区为基础的与自然共存的社会。但是，它对以个人为中心的社会发生了多方面的结构变化而失去了占有的恢复，而且城市地区与山区或偏远岛屿地区的面积差异显著。藤田认为，被称为“kyodoten”的当地合作商店的变化是城市地区合作社区的变化。冲绳与东南亚国家一样，是一个存在着各种问题的地区，需要进一步研究。

The main purpose of this research was to study the social structures and to see the future prospects of Okinawa by examining the historical social conditions through cross cultural contacts, after our determining Okinawa as a cross-cultural region. The subjects of studies were boundary by Ogata, changes in their language by Aiza and small cooperative groups by Fujita. Through these studies we investigated the regional characteristics influenced by outer cultures as a case study ,with documents and data and by hearing research, but without putting into numerical values.The results obtained were that Okinawa has gone through various changes by contacts with other cultures through its history and maintained its independent identity protected by China though die geographical closeness with Japans main lands made its relation with Japan dense. Historical distinctions called "Yu" in Okinawa were laid on cross-cultural distinctions.When changed the point of view, Okinawa has been trifled with by influences of other cultures. For example, the upper class had Chinese family names and tried to establish a paternal society in the past, but the middle and lower classes had established a maternal society like Japanese old society, and a area society named "shima" surrounding a "utaki" (sacred place)". This society had closing society structure, and it was the community based lot the coexistence with the nature. But, it has many-sided structure to change to the society which moves an individual to the center defeat occupy revert, Also the area differences between the urban areas and mountain areas or remote island areas were remarkable. According to Fujita,the change of local cooperative shops named "kyodoten" were the change of cooperative communities in urban areas.Okinawa, like South East Asian countries, is a region which carries various problems of tile present and needs further investigation.