Studies on Leprosaria in Japan

本研究的主要目的是掌握日本麻风病服刑人员的生活世界。根据麻风防治法(1996年废除)，汉森病患者被隔离在麻风病病区近90年。根据这一目的，研究人员于1998-99年间采访了熊本县菊池疗养院和冲绳县宫古南县国立疗养院的囚犯。冲绳独特的条件--无论是文化背景还是美国军队的存在--对宫古南县的囚犯都有帮助。由于宫古岛人对传染性的汉森氏病有较小的偏见，患者本人并未受到歧视。美国军队将这个地方提供给从汉森氏病中康复的囚犯。该基地的人对汉森病没有偏见。研究人员还检查了菊池凯福恩监狱1960年S中期至1970年S中期囚犯的出版物《菊池诺》的内容。在这一时期，囚犯希望提高他们的生活水平。不再像1950年末的S那样，出现了激烈的反对制度的病人运动，也不再是他们现在所表现出来的对他们生活史的忏悔。但生活在与世隔绝的疗养院的感觉体现在坦卡(日本诗歌)中。通过对唐卡的研究，出现了几位贡献者的生平故事。其中一个被他的家人否认了。这一研究的方法论讨论现在依赖于对疾病经历的研究，特别是A·克莱因曼的疾病叙事学视角。他坚持认为，治疗师应该通过他/她对自己的叙事来构建关于病人的微型民族志，通过由文化表征、集体经验和个人经验组成的框架来分析叙事。看来，这种治愈者的观点对于想要了解患者的研究人员是有用的。

The main purpose of this study is to grasp the life-world of inmates of leprosaria in Japan. Hansen's disease patients were isolated in leprosaria for almost 90 years under the Leprosy Prevention law (repealed in 1996) According to this purpose, the researcher interviewed to the inmates of both national sanatorium Kikuchi-keifuen in Kumamoto and national sanatorium Miyako-nanseien in Okinawa in 1998-99. The unique conditions of Okinawa's -- both cultural background and the existence of the U.S.Army -- were helpful for inmates in Miyako-nanseien. Because the people in Miyako island had relatively a little prejudice to Hansen's Disease that is contagious, the patient himself was not discriminated. The U.S.Army gave the place to work to inmates who recovered from Hansen's Disease. People of the base had no prejudice to Hansen's Disease.Also, the researcher examined the contents of the publications of the inmates, 'Kikuchi-no', at Kikuchi-keifuen from the middle of 1960's to the middle of 1970's. In this period, the inmates want to improve their level of living. There was not severe patient-movement against to the institution like in the end of 1950's any more and was not the confession of their life history as they show now. But the feeling of living at the isolated sanatorium expressed in tanka (Japanese poems). Several contributors' life stories were appeared through examining the tanka. One was denyed by his family. It was very sad experience for him.The methodological discussion of this research now depends on the study of illness experiences, especially on A.Kleinman's illness-naratives perspective. He insists that a healer should construct the mini-ethnography on a patient through his/her narratives on himself/herself, with analyzing the narratives by frameworks consist of cultural representations, collective experiences, and individual experiences. It seemed that such view pont for healer is useful for researchers who want to understand sufferers.