BASIC STUDY ABOUT POPULAR MOVEMENT WHICH OCCURRED IN LOCAL CITIES AT EDO PERIOD,ESPECIALLY 18 CENTURY

对江户时期民间运动的研究，虽然是全面考察江户时期民间运动不可缺少的一部分，但却不够深入，到目前为止，我们的研究几乎是沿着对参与者社会地位的分析进行的。然而，我认为，从运动的社会经济背景来看，参与者在运动中的每一个行动和想法都是非常重要的，这让我研究了日本许多城市的地方历史文献。我分析了所有居民都参加的集会，并试图找出社会经济背景和人们的每一个行动和想法，因此我发现在许多地方城市，所有商店都被关闭，试图阻止领主的错误政治。这种商人罢工被称为Tojime Sodo。商人罢工的历史证明始于江户时代。对许多城市骚乱（米暴或粮食起义）的分析显示了以下社会经济背景。在天美时期，由于德川的统治和商业活动，大米从全国各地流通到江户市。商人和军人家庭倾向于在那里购买大米。另一方面，许多地方城市食物短缺。因此，城市骚乱在全国各地不断发生。

The study about local people' s historical movements, despite its indispensability for the total investigation of popular movement under Edo regime, it hasn't proceed enough, Until now, our study has almost proceeded along the analysis of participant' s social position. I think, however, regarding social economic background of the movement, participant' a each action and idea through the movement is very important, That made me research local historical documents of many cities in Japan.I have analyzed Socho Ikki (Ikki which all the residents took part in) and tried to figure out social economic background and people' s each action and idea So that I found out the fact that in many local cities, all stores was closed to try to stop the lord's wrong politics This merchant strike is called Tojime Sodo The history of merchant strike proved to have started in Edo period.Analysis about a lot of city disturbances(Rice riot or Uprising for food) show the following social economic background. In Tenmei period, rice circulated to Edo city from the whole country because of Tokugawa abitinistration and commercial activity. Merchant and military families were tend to buy up rice there. On the other band, many local cities became short of food. In consequence, city disturbance occurred in various parts of the country continuously.