The Charters of Pskov and Novgorod : Socio-political study of Medieval Russian City-State.

普斯科夫和诺夫哥罗德宪章：中世纪俄罗斯城邦的社会政治研究。

• 批准号: 08610385
• 负责人: MATSUKI Eizo
• 金额: $ 1.34万
• 依托单位: Shizuoka University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1996
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1996 至 1997
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-08610385/
• 关键词: Charter of Pskov; Charter of Novgorod; Medieval Russian town; Medieval Russian law; City-state in Russia; 中世ロシア法

(1) For the comparative study of socio-political, especially judicial institutions of the City Novgorod with those of the City Pskov, we have studied two outstanding juridical monuments of these medieval Russian city-states, the Charter of Pskov and the Charter of Novgorod. For this purpose, we have made a computer data-base, comprising the text of the Charter of Pskov (the Vorontsov copy), two kinds of its translation into modern Russian (by L.V.Cherepnin and by A.A.Zimin) and a translation into English (by G.Vernadsky) with the Japanese translations of each of them by the author of this report, Commentary to each 120 article of the Vorontsov copy is expected to be completed in the near future.(2) After making a survey of earlier studies of the Charter of Pskov (by L.V.Cherepnin, A.A.Zimin, I.D.Martysevich and Yu.G.Alekseev and so on), we've analyzed its text and got our own jidgments and understandings about the origin and formative processes of this monument, its final compilation d … More ate, and its components. The Charter of Pskov was first codified probably in 1397 and completed by the final compilation which took place between the year 1462 and 1471. The Charter of Pskov comprises a variety of sources of different origins : the Pskov's old customary law, the Russian Law (Pravda Russkaia), the charter of Grand Prince Alexander Mikhailovich of Tver who reigned in Pskov twice (1327-1330,1332-1337), and the charter of Prince Constantine Dmitrievich who reigned also in Pskov thrice in the period between 1407 and 1414.(3) We compared and analyzed the articles which are connected with the courts of justice in Pskov and Novgorod, and recognized that the both city-states had at least three categories of court in common : the ecclesiastical court held by the Archbishop of Novgorod or by his lieutenant (namestnik) a lay court jointly held by the Mayor (posadnik) and the Grand Prince's lieutenant, and a lay court under the jurisdiction of the judges representing only the city-state authorities, like as the Chiliarch (tysiatsky) in Novgorod and city-judges in Pskov. It has been also shown that each of these three courts in both cities had many common characters as well as their own specific features.Outline of our research results summarized above was printed as a report (in Japanese) : Eizo Matsuki, A note on the Charter of Pskov (REPORT OF RESEARCH PROJECT.GRANT-IN-AID FOR SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH (C) (2) ), March 1998. Less

(1)为了比较研究诺夫哥罗德市和普斯科夫市的社会政治，特别是司法机构，我们研究了这些中世纪俄罗斯城邦的两个杰出的司法纪念碑，普斯科夫宪章和诺夫哥罗德宪章。为此目的，我们建立了一个计算机数据库，其中包括《普斯科夫宪章》的案文（沃龙佐夫副本），两种翻译成现代俄语（作者：L. V. Cherepnin和A.A.Zimin）和英文翻译（作者G.Vernadsky）与本报告作者对每一个词的日文翻译，对沃龙佐夫副本每120条的评论预计将在不久的将来完成。(2)本文通过对《普斯科夫宪章》的早期研究（列列普宁、济明、马蒂谢维奇、阿列克谢耶夫等）的考察，分析了《普斯科夫宪章》的文本，对《普斯科夫宪章》的起源、形成过程、最后的编纂过程、《普斯科夫宪章》的历史沿革、《普斯科夫宪章 ...更多信息 ，及其组成部分。《普斯科夫宪章》最早编纂于1397年，并在1462年至1471年间完成了最后的编纂。《普斯科夫宪章》包含了各种不同来源的文献：普斯科夫的旧习惯法、俄罗斯法律（Pravda Russkaia）、曾两次统治普斯科夫（1327- 1330年、1332 -1337年）的特维尔大公亚历山大·米哈伊洛维奇的宪章，以及1407年至1414年期间曾三次统治普斯科夫的康斯坦丁·德米特里耶维奇亲王的宪章。(3)我们比较和分析了与普斯科夫和诺夫哥罗德的法院有关的文章，并认识到这两个城邦至少有三类共同的法院：由诺夫哥罗德大主教或其副手主持的教会法庭（namestnik）由市长共同主持的非专业法庭一个是大王子的中尉，另一个是由只代表城邦当局的法官管辖的世俗法庭，如诺夫哥罗德的Chiliarch（tysiatsky）和普斯科夫的城市法官。此外，这两个城市的三个法院都有许多共同的特点，也有各自的特点。关于上述研究结果的概要，已作为报告（日文）发表：Eizo Matsuki，A note on the Charter of Pskov（REPORT OF RESEARCH PROJECT.GRANT-IN-AID FOR SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH（C）（2）），March 1998.少

项目成果

松木栄三(編訳): "ノヴゴロド白樺文書" 木簡研究. 18号. 197-226 (1996)

Eizo Matsuki（编辑和翻译）：《诺夫哥罗德桦木文献》木板研究第 18 期。197-226（1996）。